Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model

Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 to 24 are transmitted primarily by infected <i>Culicoides</i> midges, in which they also replicate. However, “atypical” BTV serotypes (BTV-25, -26, -27 and -28) have recently been identified that do not infect and replicate in adult <i>Culicoides</i&...

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Autores principales:	Houssam Attoui, Baptiste Monsion, Bernard Klonjkowski, Stéphan Zientara, Peter P. C. Mertens, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	bluetongue bluetongue virus BTV BTV-1 BTV-26 horizontal transmission Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67c2ad06a6044776b70e310e7d39a6a9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67c2ad06a6044776b70e310e7d39a6a92021-11-25T19:13:21ZIdentification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model10.3390/v131122081999-4915https://doaj.org/article/67c2ad06a6044776b70e310e7d39a6a92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2208https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 to 24 are transmitted primarily by infected <i>Culicoides</i> midges, in which they also replicate. However, “atypical” BTV serotypes (BTV-25, -26, -27 and -28) have recently been identified that do not infect and replicate in adult <i>Culicoides</i>, or a <i>Culicoides</i> derived cell line (KC cells). These atypical viruses are transmitted horizontally by direct contact between infected and susceptible hosts (primarily small ruminants) causing only mild clinical signs, although the exact transmission mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. We used reverse genetics to generate a strain of BTV-1 (BTV-1 RG<sub>C7</sub>) which is less virulent, infecting IFNAR<sup>(−/−)</sup> mice without killing them. Reassortant viruses were also engineered, using the BTV-1 RG<sub>C7</sub> genetic backbone, containing individual genome segments derived from BTV-26. These reassortant viruses were used to explore the genetic control of horizontal transmission (HT) in the IFNAR<sup>(−/−)</sup> mouse model. Previous studies showed that genome segments 1, 2 and 3 restrict infection of <i>Culicoides</i> cells, along with a minor role for segment 7. The current study demonstrates that genome segments 2, 5 and 10 of BTV-26 (coding for proteins VP2, NS1 and NS3/NS3a/NS5, respectively) are individually sufficient to promote HT.Houssam AttouiBaptiste MonsionBernard KlonjkowskiStéphan ZientaraPeter P. C. MertensFauziah Mohd JaafarMDPI AGarticlebluetonguebluetongue virusBTVBTV-1BTV-26horizontal transmissionMicrobiologyQR1-502ENViruses, Vol 13, Iss 2208, p 2208 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	bluetongue bluetongue virus BTV BTV-1 BTV-26 horizontal transmission Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	bluetongue bluetongue virus BTV BTV-1 BTV-26 horizontal transmission Microbiology QR1-502 Houssam Attoui Baptiste Monsion Bernard Klonjkowski Stéphan Zientara Peter P. C. Mertens Fauziah Mohd Jaafar Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
description	Bluetongue virus serotypes 1 to 24 are transmitted primarily by infected <i>Culicoides</i> midges, in which they also replicate. However, “atypical” BTV serotypes (BTV-25, -26, -27 and -28) have recently been identified that do not infect and replicate in adult <i>Culicoides</i>, or a <i>Culicoides</i> derived cell line (KC cells). These atypical viruses are transmitted horizontally by direct contact between infected and susceptible hosts (primarily small ruminants) causing only mild clinical signs, although the exact transmission mechanisms involved have yet to be determined. We used reverse genetics to generate a strain of BTV-1 (BTV-1 RG<sub>C7</sub>) which is less virulent, infecting IFNAR<sup>(−/−)</sup> mice without killing them. Reassortant viruses were also engineered, using the BTV-1 RG<sub>C7</sub> genetic backbone, containing individual genome segments derived from BTV-26. These reassortant viruses were used to explore the genetic control of horizontal transmission (HT) in the IFNAR<sup>(−/−)</sup> mouse model. Previous studies showed that genome segments 1, 2 and 3 restrict infection of <i>Culicoides</i> cells, along with a minor role for segment 7. The current study demonstrates that genome segments 2, 5 and 10 of BTV-26 (coding for proteins VP2, NS1 and NS3/NS3a/NS5, respectively) are individually sufficient to promote HT.
format	article
author	Houssam Attoui Baptiste Monsion Bernard Klonjkowski Stéphan Zientara Peter P. C. Mertens Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
author_facet	Houssam Attoui Baptiste Monsion Bernard Klonjkowski Stéphan Zientara Peter P. C. Mertens Fauziah Mohd Jaafar
author_sort	Houssam Attoui
title	Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
title_short	Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
title_full	Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
title_fullStr	Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
title_full_unstemmed	Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model
title_sort	identification of the genome segments of bluetongue virus type 26/type 1 reassortants influencing horizontal transmission in a mouse model
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/67c2ad06a6044776b70e310e7d39a6a9
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Identification of the Genome Segments of Bluetongue Virus Type 26/Type 1 Reassortants Influencing Horizontal Transmission in a Mouse Model

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