Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm

Abstract Background Sand is often considered the preferred bedding material for dairy cows as it is thought to have lower bacterial counts than organic bedding materials and cows bedded on sand experience fewer cases of lameness and disease. Sand can also be efficiently recycled and reused, making i...

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Autores principales:	Hannah E. Pilch, Andrew J. Steinberger, Donald C. Sockett, Nicole Aulik, Garret Suen, Charles J. Czuprynski
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	BMC 2021
Materias:	Bovine Dairy farm Microbiota Recycled bedding sand 16S rRNA sequencing Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67df872692374af1b647da53e0adbe67
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67df872692374af1b647da53e0adbe672021-11-14T12:33:14ZAssessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm10.1186/s40104-021-00635-62049-1891https://doaj.org/article/67df872692374af1b647da53e0adbe672021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-021-00635-6https://doaj.org/toc/2049-1891Abstract Background Sand is often considered the preferred bedding material for dairy cows as it is thought to have lower bacterial counts than organic bedding materials and cows bedded on sand experience fewer cases of lameness and disease. Sand can also be efficiently recycled and reused, making it cost-effective. However, some studies have suggested that the residual organic material present in recycled sand can serve as a reservoir for commensal and pathogenic bacteria, although no studies have yet characterized the total bacterial community composition. Here we sought to characterize the bacterial community composition of a Wisconsin dairy farm bedding sand recycling system and its dynamics across several stages of the recycling process during both summer and winter using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Bacterial community compositions of the sand recycling system differed by both seasons and stage. Summer samples had higher richness and distinct community compositions, relative to winter samples. In both summer and winter samples, the diversity of recycled sand decreased with time drying in the recycling room. Compositionally, summer sand 14 d post-recycling was enriched in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, relative to freshly washed sand and sand from cow pens. In contrast, no OTUs were found to be enriched in winter sand. The sand recycling system contained an overall core microbiota of 141 OTUs representing 68.45% ± 10.33% SD of the total bacterial relative abundance at each sampled stage. The 4 most abundant genera in this core microbiota included Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Acinetobacter was present in greater abundance in summer samples, whereas Psychrobacter and Corynebacterium had higher relative abundances in winter samples. Pseudomonas had consistent relative abundances across both seasons. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of recycled bedding sand as a bacterial reservoir that warrants further study.Hannah E. PilchAndrew J. SteinbergerDonald C. SockettNicole AulikGarret SuenCharles J. CzuprynskiBMCarticleBovineDairy farmMicrobiotaRecycled bedding sand16S rRNA sequencingAnimal cultureSF1-1100Veterinary medicineSF600-1100ENJournal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Bovine Dairy farm Microbiota Recycled bedding sand 16S rRNA sequencing Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Bovine Dairy farm Microbiota Recycled bedding sand 16S rRNA sequencing Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Hannah E. Pilch Andrew J. Steinberger Donald C. Sockett Nicole Aulik Garret Suen Charles J. Czuprynski Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm
description	Abstract Background Sand is often considered the preferred bedding material for dairy cows as it is thought to have lower bacterial counts than organic bedding materials and cows bedded on sand experience fewer cases of lameness and disease. Sand can also be efficiently recycled and reused, making it cost-effective. However, some studies have suggested that the residual organic material present in recycled sand can serve as a reservoir for commensal and pathogenic bacteria, although no studies have yet characterized the total bacterial community composition. Here we sought to characterize the bacterial community composition of a Wisconsin dairy farm bedding sand recycling system and its dynamics across several stages of the recycling process during both summer and winter using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Bacterial community compositions of the sand recycling system differed by both seasons and stage. Summer samples had higher richness and distinct community compositions, relative to winter samples. In both summer and winter samples, the diversity of recycled sand decreased with time drying in the recycling room. Compositionally, summer sand 14 d post-recycling was enriched in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to the genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas, relative to freshly washed sand and sand from cow pens. In contrast, no OTUs were found to be enriched in winter sand. The sand recycling system contained an overall core microbiota of 141 OTUs representing 68.45% ± 10.33% SD of the total bacterial relative abundance at each sampled stage. The 4 most abundant genera in this core microbiota included Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas. Acinetobacter was present in greater abundance in summer samples, whereas Psychrobacter and Corynebacterium had higher relative abundances in winter samples. Pseudomonas had consistent relative abundances across both seasons. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential of recycled bedding sand as a bacterial reservoir that warrants further study.
format	article
author	Hannah E. Pilch Andrew J. Steinberger Donald C. Sockett Nicole Aulik Garret Suen Charles J. Czuprynski
author_facet	Hannah E. Pilch Andrew J. Steinberger Donald C. Sockett Nicole Aulik Garret Suen Charles J. Czuprynski
author_sort	Hannah E. Pilch
title	Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm
title_short	Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm
title_full	Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm
title_fullStr	Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm
title_full_unstemmed	Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm
title_sort	assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a wisconsin dairy farm
publisher	BMC
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/67df872692374af1b647da53e0adbe67
work_keys_str_mv	AT hannahepilch assessingthemicrobiotaofrecycledbeddingsandonawisconsindairyfarm AT andrewjsteinberger assessingthemicrobiotaofrecycledbeddingsandonawisconsindairyfarm AT donaldcsockett assessingthemicrobiotaofrecycledbeddingsandonawisconsindairyfarm AT nicoleaulik assessingthemicrobiotaofrecycledbeddingsandonawisconsindairyfarm AT garretsuen assessingthemicrobiotaofrecycledbeddingsandonawisconsindairyfarm AT charlesjczuprynski assessingthemicrobiotaofrecycledbeddingsandonawisconsindairyfarm
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Assessing the microbiota of recycled bedding sand on a Wisconsin dairy farm

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