Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements

Abstract Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such systems can become robust against inclusion of elem...

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Autores principales: Fumiko Ogushi, János Kertész, Kimmo Kaski, Takashi Shimada
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Nature Portfolio 2017
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f2021-12-02T15:05:08ZEnhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements10.1038/s41598-017-07283-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07283-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such systems can become robust against inclusion of elements with totally random interactions when the elements have a moderate number of links. The interaction is, however, in many systems often intrinsically bidirectional like for mutual symbiosis and competition in ecology. This study reports the strong reinforcement effect of the bidirectionality of the interactions on the robustness of evolving systems. We show that the system with purely bidirectional interactions can grow with twofold average degree, in comparison with the purely unidirectional system. This drastic shift of the transition point comes from the reinforcement of each node, not from a change in structure of the emergent system. For systems with partially bidirectional interactions we find that the regime of the growing phase gets expanded. In the dense interaction regime, there exists an optimum proportion of bidirectional interactions for the growth rate at around 1/3. In the sparsely connected systems, small but finite fraction of bidirectional links can change the system’s behaviour from non-growing to growing.Fumiko OgushiJános KertészKimmo KaskiTakashi ShimadaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Medicine
R
Science
Q
spellingShingle Medicine
R
Science
Q
Fumiko Ogushi
János Kertész
Kimmo Kaski
Takashi Shimada
Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
description Abstract Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such systems can become robust against inclusion of elements with totally random interactions when the elements have a moderate number of links. The interaction is, however, in many systems often intrinsically bidirectional like for mutual symbiosis and competition in ecology. This study reports the strong reinforcement effect of the bidirectionality of the interactions on the robustness of evolving systems. We show that the system with purely bidirectional interactions can grow with twofold average degree, in comparison with the purely unidirectional system. This drastic shift of the transition point comes from the reinforcement of each node, not from a change in structure of the emergent system. For systems with partially bidirectional interactions we find that the regime of the growing phase gets expanded. In the dense interaction regime, there exists an optimum proportion of bidirectional interactions for the growth rate at around 1/3. In the sparsely connected systems, small but finite fraction of bidirectional links can change the system’s behaviour from non-growing to growing.
format article
author Fumiko Ogushi
János Kertész
Kimmo Kaski
Takashi Shimada
author_facet Fumiko Ogushi
János Kertész
Kimmo Kaski
Takashi Shimada
author_sort Fumiko Ogushi
title Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_short Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_full Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_fullStr Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_full_unstemmed Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_sort enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
publisher Nature Portfolio
publishDate 2017
url https://doaj.org/article/67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f
work_keys_str_mv AT fumikoogushi enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements
AT janoskertesz enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements
AT kimmokaski enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements
AT takashishimada enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements
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