Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements

Abstract Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such systems can become robust against inclusion of elem...

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Autores principales:	Fumiko Ogushi, János Kertész, Kimmo Kaski, Takashi Shimada
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f2021-12-02T15:05:08ZEnhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements10.1038/s41598-017-07283-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f2017-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07283-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such systems can become robust against inclusion of elements with totally random interactions when the elements have a moderate number of links. The interaction is, however, in many systems often intrinsically bidirectional like for mutual symbiosis and competition in ecology. This study reports the strong reinforcement effect of the bidirectionality of the interactions on the robustness of evolving systems. We show that the system with purely bidirectional interactions can grow with twofold average degree, in comparison with the purely unidirectional system. This drastic shift of the transition point comes from the reinforcement of each node, not from a change in structure of the emergent system. For systems with partially bidirectional interactions we find that the regime of the growing phase gets expanded. In the dense interaction regime, there exists an optimum proportion of bidirectional interactions for the growth rate at around 1/3. In the sparsely connected systems, small but finite fraction of bidirectional links can change the system’s behaviour from non-growing to growing.Fumiko OgushiJános KertészKimmo KaskiTakashi ShimadaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Fumiko Ogushi János Kertész Kimmo Kaski Takashi Shimada Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
description	Abstract Living organisms, ecosystems, and social systems are examples of complex systems in which robustness against inclusion of new elements is an essential feature. A recently proposed simple model has revealed a general mechanism by which such systems can become robust against inclusion of elements with totally random interactions when the elements have a moderate number of links. The interaction is, however, in many systems often intrinsically bidirectional like for mutual symbiosis and competition in ecology. This study reports the strong reinforcement effect of the bidirectionality of the interactions on the robustness of evolving systems. We show that the system with purely bidirectional interactions can grow with twofold average degree, in comparison with the purely unidirectional system. This drastic shift of the transition point comes from the reinforcement of each node, not from a change in structure of the emergent system. For systems with partially bidirectional interactions we find that the regime of the growing phase gets expanded. In the dense interaction regime, there exists an optimum proportion of bidirectional interactions for the growth rate at around 1/3. In the sparsely connected systems, small but finite fraction of bidirectional links can change the system’s behaviour from non-growing to growing.
format	article
author	Fumiko Ogushi János Kertész Kimmo Kaski Takashi Shimada
author_facet	Fumiko Ogushi János Kertész Kimmo Kaski Takashi Shimada
author_sort	Fumiko Ogushi
title	Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_short	Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_full	Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_fullStr	Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
title_sort	enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/67ec80c72a604dfbb7bbec473ff7dc4f
work_keys_str_mv	AT fumikoogushi enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements AT janoskertesz enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements AT kimmokaski enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements AT takashishimada enhancedrobustnessofevolvingopensystemsbythebidirectionalityofinteractionsbetweenelements
_version_	1718388894214389760

Enhanced robustness of evolving open systems by the bidirectionality of interactions between elements

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