Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient

Abstract Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused the greatest known loss of biodiversity due to an infectious disease. We used Bd infection data from quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays of amphibian skin swabs collected across Chile durin...

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Autores principales:	Mario Alvarado-Rybak, Manuel Lepe-Lopez, Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, Catalina Valdivia, Fernando O. Mardones, Leonardo D. Bacigalupe, Robert Puschendorf, Andrew A. Cunningham, Claudio Azat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67ecc59965074231922f759c22147db5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67ecc59965074231922f759c22147db52021-12-02T15:29:03ZBioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient10.1038/s41598-021-96535-w2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/67ecc59965074231922f759c22147db52021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-96535-whttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused the greatest known loss of biodiversity due to an infectious disease. We used Bd infection data from quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays of amphibian skin swabs collected across Chile during 2008–2018 to model Bd occurrence with the aim to determine bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables associated with Bd infection. Also, we used Bd presence/absence records to identify geographical Bd high-risk areas and compare Bd prevalence and infection loads between amphibian families, ecoregions, and host ecology. Data comprised 4155 Bd-specific qPCR assays from 162 locations across a latitudinal gradient of 3700 km (18º to 51ºS). Results showed a significant clustering of Bd associated with urban centres and anthropogenically highly disturbed ecosystems in central-south Chile. Both Bd prevalence and Bd infection loads were higher in aquatic than terrestrial amphibian species. Our model indicated positive associations of Bd prevalence with altitude, temperature, precipitation and human-modified landscapes. Also, we found that macroscale drivers, such as land use change and climate, shape the occurrence of Bd at the landscape level. Our study provides with new evidence that can improve the effectiveness of strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss due to amphibian chytridiomycosis.Mario Alvarado-RybakManuel Lepe-LopezAlexandra Peñafiel-RicaurteAndrés Valenzuela-SánchezCatalina ValdiviaFernando O. MardonesLeonardo D. BacigalupeRobert PuschendorfAndrew A. CunninghamClaudio AzatNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mario Alvarado-Rybak Manuel Lepe-Lopez Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez Catalina Valdivia Fernando O. Mardones Leonardo D. Bacigalupe Robert Puschendorf Andrew A. Cunningham Claudio Azat Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
description	Abstract Amphibian chytridiomycosis, caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused the greatest known loss of biodiversity due to an infectious disease. We used Bd infection data from quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assays of amphibian skin swabs collected across Chile during 2008–2018 to model Bd occurrence with the aim to determine bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables associated with Bd infection. Also, we used Bd presence/absence records to identify geographical Bd high-risk areas and compare Bd prevalence and infection loads between amphibian families, ecoregions, and host ecology. Data comprised 4155 Bd-specific qPCR assays from 162 locations across a latitudinal gradient of 3700 km (18º to 51ºS). Results showed a significant clustering of Bd associated with urban centres and anthropogenically highly disturbed ecosystems in central-south Chile. Both Bd prevalence and Bd infection loads were higher in aquatic than terrestrial amphibian species. Our model indicated positive associations of Bd prevalence with altitude, temperature, precipitation and human-modified landscapes. Also, we found that macroscale drivers, such as land use change and climate, shape the occurrence of Bd at the landscape level. Our study provides with new evidence that can improve the effectiveness of strategies to mitigate biodiversity loss due to amphibian chytridiomycosis.
format	article
author	Mario Alvarado-Rybak Manuel Lepe-Lopez Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez Catalina Valdivia Fernando O. Mardones Leonardo D. Bacigalupe Robert Puschendorf Andrew A. Cunningham Claudio Azat
author_facet	Mario Alvarado-Rybak Manuel Lepe-Lopez Alexandra Peñafiel-Ricaurte Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez Catalina Valdivia Fernando O. Mardones Leonardo D. Bacigalupe Robert Puschendorf Andrew A. Cunningham Claudio Azat
author_sort	Mario Alvarado-Rybak
title	Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
title_short	Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
title_full	Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
title_fullStr	Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
title_full_unstemmed	Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
title_sort	bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/67ecc59965074231922f759c22147db5
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Bioclimatic and anthropogenic variables shape the occurrence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis over a large latitudinal gradient

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