Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a highly toxic family of synthetic chemical compounds. PCBs are widely spread in the environment and their toxicity can cause serious ailments to living organisms such as cancer; therefore, developing a device for the detection of PCBs in the environment is signi...

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Autores principales:	Samia Alsefri, Thanih Balbaied, Eric Moore
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polychlorinated biphenyls disposable screen-printed gold electrode linear sweep voltammetry immunosensors immunoassays self-assembled monolayers Biochemistry QD415-436
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67feac568c2e4b9c84a65bcf00cbacbd
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67feac568c2e4b9c84a65bcf00cbacbd2021-11-25T17:13:34ZElectrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis10.3390/chemosensors91103072227-9040https://doaj.org/article/67feac568c2e4b9c84a65bcf00cbacbd2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/9/11/307https://doaj.org/toc/2227-9040Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a highly toxic family of synthetic chemical compounds. PCBs are widely spread in the environment and their toxicity can cause serious ailments to living organisms such as cancer; therefore, developing a device for the detection of PCBs in the environment is significant. In this paper, polyclonal primary anti-PCB antibodies were immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode with the purpose of creating an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Aroclor 1254. It was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and the activation of the carboxylic acid terminal was performed by cross-linking 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hyrodsuccinmide (NHS) on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement were employed to characterize SAM development on the gold electrode. Using a competitive assay, a 0.09 ng/mL<sup>−1</sup> limit of detection and a linear range of 0.101–220 ng/mL<sup>−1</sup> were determined. The self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were successful in encapsulating the PCBs on the immunosensor. The electrochemical detection showed better resolution when compared to traditional methods such as the ELISA optical technique. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach that is discussed in this paper has the potential to offer rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format and could contribute to the effective control and prevention of PCBs in the environment.Samia AlsefriThanih BalbaiedEric MooreMDPI AGarticlepolychlorinated biphenylsdisposable screen-printed gold electrodelinear sweep voltammetryimmunosensorsimmunoassaysself-assembled monolayersBiochemistryQD415-436ENChemosensors, Vol 9, Iss 307, p 307 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polychlorinated biphenyls disposable screen-printed gold electrode linear sweep voltammetry immunosensors immunoassays self-assembled monolayers Biochemistry QD415-436
spellingShingle	polychlorinated biphenyls disposable screen-printed gold electrode linear sweep voltammetry immunosensors immunoassays self-assembled monolayers Biochemistry QD415-436 Samia Alsefri Thanih Balbaied Eric Moore Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis
description	Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a highly toxic family of synthetic chemical compounds. PCBs are widely spread in the environment and their toxicity can cause serious ailments to living organisms such as cancer; therefore, developing a device for the detection of PCBs in the environment is significant. In this paper, polyclonal primary anti-PCB antibodies were immobilized onto a gold screen-printed electrode with the purpose of creating an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of Aroclor 1254. It was modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) and the activation of the carboxylic acid terminal was performed by cross-linking 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hyrodsuccinmide (NHS) on the electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement were employed to characterize SAM development on the gold electrode. Using a competitive assay, a 0.09 ng/mL<sup>−1</sup> limit of detection and a linear range of 0.101–220 ng/mL<sup>−1</sup> were determined. The self-assembled monolayers (SAM) were successful in encapsulating the PCBs on the immunosensor. The electrochemical detection showed better resolution when compared to traditional methods such as the ELISA optical technique. The novel electrochemical immunosensor approach that is discussed in this paper has the potential to offer rapid sample screening in a portable, disposable format and could contribute to the effective control and prevention of PCBs in the environment.
format	article
author	Samia Alsefri Thanih Balbaied Eric Moore
author_facet	Samia Alsefri Thanih Balbaied Eric Moore
author_sort	Samia Alsefri
title	Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis
title_short	Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis
title_full	Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis
title_fullStr	Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis
title_sort	electrochemical development of an immunosensor for detection polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) for environmental analysis
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/67feac568c2e4b9c84a65bcf00cbacbd
work_keys_str_mv	AT samiaalsefri electrochemicaldevelopmentofanimmunosensorfordetectionpolychlorinatedbiphenylspcbsforenvironmentalanalysis AT thanihbalbaied electrochemicaldevelopmentofanimmunosensorfordetectionpolychlorinatedbiphenylspcbsforenvironmentalanalysis AT ericmoore electrochemicaldevelopmentofanimmunosensorfordetectionpolychlorinatedbiphenylspcbsforenvironmentalanalysis
_version_	1718412594012749824

Electrochemical Development of an Immunosensor for Detection Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) for Environmental Analysis

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