The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.

Three families of probe-foraging birds, Scolopacidae (sandpipers and snipes), Apterygidae (kiwi), and Threskiornithidae (ibises, including spoonbills) have independently evolved long, narrow bills containing clusters of vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors (Herbst corpuscles) within pits in the bill...

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Autores principales:	Susan J Cunningham, Jeremy R Corfield, Andrew N Iwaniuk, Isabel Castro, Maurice R Alley, Tim R Birkhead, Stuart Parsons
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/67fee90cd69c4b139611e3889ea0970c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:67fee90cd69c4b139611e3889ea0970c2021-11-18T08:46:28ZThe anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0080036https://doaj.org/article/67fee90cd69c4b139611e3889ea0970c2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24244601/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Three families of probe-foraging birds, Scolopacidae (sandpipers and snipes), Apterygidae (kiwi), and Threskiornithidae (ibises, including spoonbills) have independently evolved long, narrow bills containing clusters of vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors (Herbst corpuscles) within pits in the bill-tip. These 'bill-tip organs' allow birds to detect buried or submerged prey via substrate-borne vibrations and/or interstitial pressure gradients. Shorebirds, kiwi and ibises are only distantly related, with the phylogenetic divide between kiwi and the other two taxa being particularly deep. We compared the bill-tip structure and associated somatosensory regions in the brains of kiwi and shorebirds to understand the degree of convergence of these systems between the two taxa. For comparison, we also included data from other taxa including waterfowl (Anatidae) and parrots (Psittaculidae and Cacatuidae), non-apterygid ratites, and other probe-foraging and non probe-foraging birds including non-scolopacid shorebirds (Charadriidae, Haematopodidae, Recurvirostridae and Sternidae). We show that the bill-tip organ structure was broadly similar between the Apterygidae and Scolopacidae, however some inter-specific variation was found in the number, shape and orientation of sensory pits between the two groups. Kiwi, scolopacid shorebirds, waterfowl and parrots all shared hypertrophy or near-hypertrophy of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. Hypertrophy of the nucleus basorostralis, however, occurred only in waterfowl, kiwi, three of the scolopacid species examined and a species of oystercatcher (Charadriiformes: Haematopodidae). Hypertrophy of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus in kiwi, Scolopacidae, and other tactile specialists appears to have co-evolved alongside bill-tip specializations, whereas hypertrophy of nucleus basorostralis may be influenced to a greater extent by other sensory inputs. We suggest that similarities between kiwi and scolopacid bill-tip organs and associated somatosensory brain regions are likely a result of similar ecological selective pressures, with inter-specific variations reflecting finer-scale niche differentiation.Susan J CunninghamJeremy R CorfieldAndrew N IwaniukIsabel CastroMaurice R AlleyTim R BirkheadStuart ParsonsPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 11, p e80036 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Susan J Cunningham Jeremy R Corfield Andrew N Iwaniuk Isabel Castro Maurice R Alley Tim R Birkhead Stuart Parsons The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
description	Three families of probe-foraging birds, Scolopacidae (sandpipers and snipes), Apterygidae (kiwi), and Threskiornithidae (ibises, including spoonbills) have independently evolved long, narrow bills containing clusters of vibration-sensitive mechanoreceptors (Herbst corpuscles) within pits in the bill-tip. These 'bill-tip organs' allow birds to detect buried or submerged prey via substrate-borne vibrations and/or interstitial pressure gradients. Shorebirds, kiwi and ibises are only distantly related, with the phylogenetic divide between kiwi and the other two taxa being particularly deep. We compared the bill-tip structure and associated somatosensory regions in the brains of kiwi and shorebirds to understand the degree of convergence of these systems between the two taxa. For comparison, we also included data from other taxa including waterfowl (Anatidae) and parrots (Psittaculidae and Cacatuidae), non-apterygid ratites, and other probe-foraging and non probe-foraging birds including non-scolopacid shorebirds (Charadriidae, Haematopodidae, Recurvirostridae and Sternidae). We show that the bill-tip organ structure was broadly similar between the Apterygidae and Scolopacidae, however some inter-specific variation was found in the number, shape and orientation of sensory pits between the two groups. Kiwi, scolopacid shorebirds, waterfowl and parrots all shared hypertrophy or near-hypertrophy of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus. Hypertrophy of the nucleus basorostralis, however, occurred only in waterfowl, kiwi, three of the scolopacid species examined and a species of oystercatcher (Charadriiformes: Haematopodidae). Hypertrophy of the principal sensory trigeminal nucleus in kiwi, Scolopacidae, and other tactile specialists appears to have co-evolved alongside bill-tip specializations, whereas hypertrophy of nucleus basorostralis may be influenced to a greater extent by other sensory inputs. We suggest that similarities between kiwi and scolopacid bill-tip organs and associated somatosensory brain regions are likely a result of similar ecological selective pressures, with inter-specific variations reflecting finer-scale niche differentiation.
format	article
author	Susan J Cunningham Jeremy R Corfield Andrew N Iwaniuk Isabel Castro Maurice R Alley Tim R Birkhead Stuart Parsons
author_facet	Susan J Cunningham Jeremy R Corfield Andrew N Iwaniuk Isabel Castro Maurice R Alley Tim R Birkhead Stuart Parsons
author_sort	Susan J Cunningham
title	The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
title_short	The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
title_full	The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
title_fullStr	The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
title_full_unstemmed	The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
title_sort	anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/67fee90cd69c4b139611e3889ea0970c
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The anatomy of the bill tip of kiwi and associated somatosensory regions of the brain: comparisons with shorebirds.

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