Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview

Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in autoimmune disorders and cancer incidence, and a decreased response to vaccines. Lymph nodes are precisely organize...

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Autores principales:	Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz, Paulina Kolodziej-Wojnar, Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	aging immunosenescence lymph nodes stromal cells lymphatic endothelial cells lymphocytes Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/680194353cfa48b386c820bcce033f47
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:680194353cfa48b386c820bcce033f472021-11-25T17:11:58ZAging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview10.3390/cells101131482073-4409https://doaj.org/article/680194353cfa48b386c820bcce033f472021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/3148https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in autoimmune disorders and cancer incidence, and a decreased response to vaccines. Lymph nodes are precisely organized structures of the peripheral lymphoid organs and are the key sites coordinating innate and long-term adaptive immune responses to external antigens and vaccines. They are also involved in immune tolerance. The aging of lymph nodes results in decreased cell transport to and within the nodes, a disturbance in the structure and organization of nodal zones, incorrect location of individual immune cell types and impaired intercellular interactions, as well as changes in the production of adequate amounts of chemokines and cytokines necessary for immune cell proliferation, survival and function, impaired naïve T- and B-cell homeostasis, and a diminished long-term humoral response. Understanding the causes of these stromal and lymphoid microenvironment changes in the lymph nodes that cause the aging-related dysfunction of the immune system can help to improve long-term immune responses and the effectiveness of vaccines in the elderly.Marta Cakala-JakimowiczPaulina Kolodziej-WojnarMonika Puzianowska-KuznickaMDPI AGarticleagingimmunosenescencelymph nodesstromal cellslymphatic endothelial cellslymphocytesBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 3148, p 3148 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aging immunosenescence lymph nodes stromal cells lymphatic endothelial cells lymphocytes Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	aging immunosenescence lymph nodes stromal cells lymphatic endothelial cells lymphocytes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz Paulina Kolodziej-Wojnar Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview
description	Aging affects all tissues and organs. Aging of the immune system results in the severe disruption of its functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, an increase in autoimmune disorders and cancer incidence, and a decreased response to vaccines. Lymph nodes are precisely organized structures of the peripheral lymphoid organs and are the key sites coordinating innate and long-term adaptive immune responses to external antigens and vaccines. They are also involved in immune tolerance. The aging of lymph nodes results in decreased cell transport to and within the nodes, a disturbance in the structure and organization of nodal zones, incorrect location of individual immune cell types and impaired intercellular interactions, as well as changes in the production of adequate amounts of chemokines and cytokines necessary for immune cell proliferation, survival and function, impaired naïve T- and B-cell homeostasis, and a diminished long-term humoral response. Understanding the causes of these stromal and lymphoid microenvironment changes in the lymph nodes that cause the aging-related dysfunction of the immune system can help to improve long-term immune responses and the effectiveness of vaccines in the elderly.
format	article
author	Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz Paulina Kolodziej-Wojnar Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
author_facet	Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz Paulina Kolodziej-Wojnar Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
author_sort	Marta Cakala-Jakimowicz
title	Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview
title_short	Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview
title_full	Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview
title_fullStr	Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview
title_full_unstemmed	Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview
title_sort	aging-related cellular, structural and functional changes in the lymph nodes: a significant component of immunosenescence? an overview
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/680194353cfa48b386c820bcce033f47
work_keys_str_mv	AT martacakalajakimowicz agingrelatedcellularstructuralandfunctionalchangesinthelymphnodesasignificantcomponentofimmunosenescenceanoverview AT paulinakolodziejwojnar agingrelatedcellularstructuralandfunctionalchangesinthelymphnodesasignificantcomponentofimmunosenescenceanoverview AT monikapuzianowskakuznicka agingrelatedcellularstructuralandfunctionalchangesinthelymphnodesasignificantcomponentofimmunosenescenceanoverview
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Aging-Related Cellular, Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymph Nodes: A Significant Component of Immunosenescence? An Overview

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