State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship

In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on ships is traditionally based on engines thermal gen...

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Autores principales:	Michael E. Stamatakis, Maria G. Ioannides
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	energy management CO<sub>2</sub> emissions LNG ship photovoltaic systems renewable energy sources ship engines generators Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/681be8ebc7914fdb9446404a196ae830
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:681be8ebc7914fdb9446404a196ae8302021-11-25T17:28:54ZState Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship10.3390/en142278031996-1073https://doaj.org/article/681be8ebc7914fdb9446404a196ae8302021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7803https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on ships is traditionally based on engines thermal generators, which use fossil fuels, diesel, or natural gas. Due to the continuous operation of thermal generators in ships, this ends up increasing polluting gas emissions for the environment, mainly CO<sub>2</sub>. A combination of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with traditional ship thermal engines can reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, resulting in a ‘greener’ interaction between ships and the environment. Due to the varying power needs for ship operation, considering the varying nature of load demands during long distance travels and during harbor entry, the use of RES must be evaluated. This paper presents a new control method to balance LNG ship load demands and power generation from RES, based on an accurate model and solution in real conditions. The Energy Management System (EMS) is designed and implemented in a Finite State Machine structure using the logical design of state transitions. The results prove that the reduction of consumption of fossil fuels is feasible, and, if this is combined with RES, it reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.Michael E. StamatakisMaria G. IoannidesMDPI AGarticleenergy managementCO<sub>2</sub> emissionsLNG shipphotovoltaic systemsrenewable energy sourcesship engines generatorsTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7803, p 7803 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	energy management CO<sub>2</sub> emissions LNG ship photovoltaic systems renewable energy sources ship engines generators Technology T
spellingShingle	energy management CO<sub>2</sub> emissions LNG ship photovoltaic systems renewable energy sources ship engines generators Technology T Michael E. Stamatakis Maria G. Ioannides State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship
description	In terms of energy generation and consumption, ships are autonomous and isolated power systems with energy requirements related to the type and kind of power demands and according to ship types: passenger ships, or commercial ships. Power supply on ships is traditionally based on engines thermal generators, which use fossil fuels, diesel, or natural gas. Due to the continuous operation of thermal generators in ships, this ends up increasing polluting gas emissions for the environment, mainly CO<sub>2</sub>. A combination of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with traditional ship thermal engines can reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, resulting in a ‘greener’ interaction between ships and the environment. Due to the varying power needs for ship operation, considering the varying nature of load demands during long distance travels and during harbor entry, the use of RES must be evaluated. This paper presents a new control method to balance LNG ship load demands and power generation from RES, based on an accurate model and solution in real conditions. The Energy Management System (EMS) is designed and implemented in a Finite State Machine structure using the logical design of state transitions. The results prove that the reduction of consumption of fossil fuels is feasible, and, if this is combined with RES, it reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions.
format	article
author	Michael E. Stamatakis Maria G. Ioannides
author_facet	Michael E. Stamatakis Maria G. Ioannides
author_sort	Michael E. Stamatakis
title	State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship
title_short	State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship
title_full	State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship
title_fullStr	State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship
title_full_unstemmed	State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship
title_sort	state transitions logical design for hybrid energy generation with renewable energy sources in lng ship
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/681be8ebc7914fdb9446404a196ae830
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaelestamatakis statetransitionslogicaldesignforhybridenergygenerationwithrenewableenergysourcesinlngship AT mariagioannides statetransitionslogicaldesignforhybridenergygenerationwithrenewableenergysourcesinlngship
_version_	1718412289634205696

State Transitions Logical Design for Hybrid Energy Generation with Renewable Energy Sources in LNG Ship

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