State of the Art in Crystallization of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> and Their Applications
Lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) crystals are important dielectric and ferroelectric materials, which are widely used in acoustics, optic, and optoelectrical devices. The physical and chemical properties of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> are dependent on microstructures, defects, compo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | article |
| Language: | EN |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doaj.org/article/6820d4aa80344484b1e51d03e206b38c |
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| Summary: | Lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) crystals are important dielectric and ferroelectric materials, which are widely used in acoustics, optic, and optoelectrical devices. The physical and chemical properties of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> are dependent on microstructures, defects, compositions, and dimensions. In this review, we first discussed the crystal and defect structures of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>, then the crystallization of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> single crystal, and the measuring methods of Li content were introduced to reveal reason of growing congruent LiNbO<sub>3</sub> and variable Li/Nb ratios. Afterwards, this review provides a summary about traditional and non-traditional applications of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> crystals. The development of rare earth doped LiNbO<sub>3</sub> used in illumination, and fluorescence temperature sensing was reviewed. In addition to radio-frequency applications, surface acoustic wave devices applied in high temperature sensor and solid-state physics were discussed. Thanks to its properties of spontaneous ferroelectric polarization, and high chemical stability, LiNbO<sub>3</sub> crystals showed enhanced performances in photoelectric detection, electrocatalysis, and battery. Furthermore, domain engineering, memristors, sensors, and harvesters with the use of LiNbO<sub>3</sub> crystals were formulated. The review is concluded with an outlook of challenges and potential payoff for finding novel LiNbO<sub>3</sub> applications. |
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