DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

Abstract Although previous studies have indicated importance of taste receptors in food habits formation in mammals, little is known about those in fish. Grass carp is an excellent model for studying vegetarian adaptation, as it shows food habit transition from carnivore to herbivore. In the present...

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Autores principales:	Wenjing Cai, Shan He, Xu-Fang Liang, Xiaochen Yuan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2018
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/682d6524d4984bc094ee69d6a166d3c6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:682d6524d4984bc094ee69d6a166d3c62021-12-02T11:40:54ZDNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella10.1038/s41598-018-25121-42045-2322https://doaj.org/article/682d6524d4984bc094ee69d6a166d3c62018-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-25121-4https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Although previous studies have indicated importance of taste receptors in food habits formation in mammals, little is known about those in fish. Grass carp is an excellent model for studying vegetarian adaptation, as it shows food habit transition from carnivore to herbivore. In the present study, pseudogenization or frameshift mutations of the umami receptors that hypothesized related to dietary switch in vertebrates, were not found in grass carp, suggesting other mechanisms for vegetarian adaptation in grass carp. T1R1 and T1R3 strongly responded to L-Arg and L-Lys, differing from those of zebrafish and medaka, contributing to high species specificity in amino acid preferences and diet selection of grass carp. After food habit transition of grass carp, DNA methylation levels were higher in CPG1 and CPG3 islands of upstream control region of T1R1 gene. Luciferase activity assay of upstream regulatory region of T1R1 (−2500-0 bp) without CPG1 or CPG3 indicated that CPG1 and CPG3 might be involved in transcriptional regulation of T1R1 gene. Subsequently, high DNA methylation decreased expression of T1R1 in intestinal tract. It could be a new mechanism to explain, at least partially, the vegetarian adaptation of grass carp by regulation of expression of umami receptor via epigenetic modification.Wenjing CaiShan HeXu-Fang LiangXiaochen YuanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2018)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Wenjing Cai Shan He Xu-Fang Liang Xiaochen Yuan DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
description	Abstract Although previous studies have indicated importance of taste receptors in food habits formation in mammals, little is known about those in fish. Grass carp is an excellent model for studying vegetarian adaptation, as it shows food habit transition from carnivore to herbivore. In the present study, pseudogenization or frameshift mutations of the umami receptors that hypothesized related to dietary switch in vertebrates, were not found in grass carp, suggesting other mechanisms for vegetarian adaptation in grass carp. T1R1 and T1R3 strongly responded to L-Arg and L-Lys, differing from those of zebrafish and medaka, contributing to high species specificity in amino acid preferences and diet selection of grass carp. After food habit transition of grass carp, DNA methylation levels were higher in CPG1 and CPG3 islands of upstream control region of T1R1 gene. Luciferase activity assay of upstream regulatory region of T1R1 (−2500-0 bp) without CPG1 or CPG3 indicated that CPG1 and CPG3 might be involved in transcriptional regulation of T1R1 gene. Subsequently, high DNA methylation decreased expression of T1R1 in intestinal tract. It could be a new mechanism to explain, at least partially, the vegetarian adaptation of grass carp by regulation of expression of umami receptor via epigenetic modification.
format	article
author	Wenjing Cai Shan He Xu-Fang Liang Xiaochen Yuan
author_facet	Wenjing Cai Shan He Xu-Fang Liang Xiaochen Yuan
author_sort	Wenjing Cai
title	DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
title_short	DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
title_full	DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
title_fullStr	DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
title_full_unstemmed	DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
title_sort	dna methylation of t1r1 gene in the vegetarian adaptation of grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2018
url	https://doaj.org/article/682d6524d4984bc094ee69d6a166d3c6
work_keys_str_mv	AT wenjingcai dnamethylationoft1r1geneinthevegetarianadaptationofgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidella AT shanhe dnamethylationoft1r1geneinthevegetarianadaptationofgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidella AT xufangliang dnamethylationoft1r1geneinthevegetarianadaptationofgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidella AT xiaochenyuan dnamethylationoft1r1geneinthevegetarianadaptationofgrasscarpctenopharyngodonidella
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DNA Methylation of T1R1 Gene in the Vegetarian Adaptation of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella

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