Urban search and rescue (USAR) simulation system: spatial strategies for agent task allocation under uncertain conditions
<p>Task allocation under uncertain conditions is a key problem for agents attempting to achieve harmony in disaster environments. This paper presents an agent-based simulation to investigate task allocation considering appropriate spatial strategies to manage uncertainty in urban search and re...
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | article |
| Lenguaje: | EN |
| Publicado: |
Copernicus Publications
2021
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| Materias: | |
| Acceso en línea: | https://doaj.org/article/682f5ad398084015b9ed71279db88059 |
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| Sumario: | <p>Task allocation under uncertain conditions is a key
problem for agents attempting to achieve harmony in disaster environments.
This paper presents an agent-based simulation to investigate task allocation
considering appropriate spatial strategies to manage uncertainty in urban
search and rescue (USAR) operations. The proposed method is based on the
contract net protocol (CNP) and implemented over five phases: ordering
existing tasks considering intrinsic interval uncertainty, finding a
coordinating agent, holding an auction, applying allocation strategies (four
strategies), and implementing and observing the real environment. Applying
allocation strategies is the main innovation of the method. The methodology
was evaluated in Tehran's District 1 for 6.6, 6.9, and 7.2 magnitude
earthquakes. The simulation began by calculating the numbers of injured
individuals, which were 28 856, 73 195, and 111 463 people for each
earthquake, respectively. Simulations were performed for each scenario for a
variety of rescuers (1000, 1500, and 2000 rescuers). In comparison with the
CNP, the standard duration of rescue operations with the proposed approach
exhibited at least 13 % improvement, with a maximal improvement of 21 %.
Interval uncertainty analysis and comparison of the proposed strategies
showed that increased uncertainty led to increased rescue time for the CNP
and strategies 1 to 4. The time increase was less with the uniform
distribution strategy (strategy 4) than with the other strategies. The
consideration of strategies in the task allocation process, especially
spatial strategies, facilitated both optimization and increased flexibility
of the allocation. It also improved conditions for fault tolerance and
agent-based cooperation stability in the USAR simulation system.</p> |
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