Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores

ABSTRACT Clostridium sordellii is an often-lethal bacterium causing human and animal disease. Crucial to the infectious cycle of C. sordellii is its ability to produce spores, which can germinate into toxin-producing vegetative bacteria under favorable conditions. However, structural details of the...

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Autores principales:	Rebecca Rabi, Lynne Turnbull, Cynthia B. Whitchurch, Milena Awad, Dena Lyras
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2017
Materias:	Clostridium Clostridium difficile Clostridium sordellii endospores exosporium Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/686446fc704b4ce6a3867d7214992787
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:686446fc704b4ce6a3867d72149927872021-11-15T15:22:05ZStructural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores10.1128/mSphere.00343-172379-5042https://doaj.org/article/686446fc704b4ce6a3867d72149927872017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mSphere.00343-17https://doaj.org/toc/2379-5042ABSTRACT Clostridium sordellii is an often-lethal bacterium causing human and animal disease. Crucial to the infectious cycle of C. sordellii is its ability to produce spores, which can germinate into toxin-producing vegetative bacteria under favorable conditions. However, structural details of the C. sordellii spore are lacking. Here, we used a range of electron microscopy techniques together with superresolution optical microscopy to characterize the C. sordellii spore morphology with an emphasis on the exosporium. The C. sordellii spore is made up of multiple layers with the exosporium presenting as a smooth balloon-like structure that is open at the spore poles. Focusing on the outer spore layers, we compared the morphologies of C. sordellii spores derived from different strains and determined that there is some variation between the spores, most notably with spores of some strains having tubular appendages. Since Clostridium difficile is a close relative of C. sordellii, their spores were compared by electron microscopy and their exosporia were found to be distinctly different from each other. This study therefore provides new structural details of the C. sordellii spore and offers insights into the physical structure of the exosporium across clostridial species. IMPORTANCE Clostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the C. sordellii spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the C. sordellii spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of C. sordellii spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species.Rebecca RabiLynne TurnbullCynthia B. WhitchurchMilena AwadDena LyrasAmerican Society for MicrobiologyarticleClostridiumClostridium difficileClostridium sordelliiendosporesexosporiumMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmSphere, Vol 2, Iss 5 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Clostridium Clostridium difficile Clostridium sordellii endospores exosporium Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	Clostridium Clostridium difficile Clostridium sordellii endospores exosporium Microbiology QR1-502 Rebecca Rabi Lynne Turnbull Cynthia B. Whitchurch Milena Awad Dena Lyras Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores
description	ABSTRACT Clostridium sordellii is an often-lethal bacterium causing human and animal disease. Crucial to the infectious cycle of C. sordellii is its ability to produce spores, which can germinate into toxin-producing vegetative bacteria under favorable conditions. However, structural details of the C. sordellii spore are lacking. Here, we used a range of electron microscopy techniques together with superresolution optical microscopy to characterize the C. sordellii spore morphology with an emphasis on the exosporium. The C. sordellii spore is made up of multiple layers with the exosporium presenting as a smooth balloon-like structure that is open at the spore poles. Focusing on the outer spore layers, we compared the morphologies of C. sordellii spores derived from different strains and determined that there is some variation between the spores, most notably with spores of some strains having tubular appendages. Since Clostridium difficile is a close relative of C. sordellii, their spores were compared by electron microscopy and their exosporia were found to be distinctly different from each other. This study therefore provides new structural details of the C. sordellii spore and offers insights into the physical structure of the exosporium across clostridial species. IMPORTANCE Clostridium sordellii is a significant pathogen with mortality rates approaching 100%. It is the bacterial spore that is critical in initiating infection and disease. An understanding of spore structures as well as spore morphology across a range of strains may lead to a better understanding of C. sordellii infection and disease. However, the structural characteristics of the C. sordellii spores are limited. In this work, we have addressed this lack of detail and characterized the C. sordellii spore morphology. The use of traditional and advanced microscopy techniques has provided detailed new observations of C. sordellii spore structural features, which serve as a reference point for structural studies of spores from other bacterial species.
format	article
author	Rebecca Rabi Lynne Turnbull Cynthia B. Whitchurch Milena Awad Dena Lyras
author_facet	Rebecca Rabi Lynne Turnbull Cynthia B. Whitchurch Milena Awad Dena Lyras
author_sort	Rebecca Rabi
title	Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores
title_short	Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores
title_full	Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores
title_fullStr	Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores
title_full_unstemmed	Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores
title_sort	structural characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">clostridium sordellii</named-content> spores of diverse human, animal, and environmental origin and comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">clostridium difficile</named-content> spores
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/686446fc704b4ce6a3867d7214992787
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Structural Characterization of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium sordellii</named-content> Spores of Diverse Human, Animal, and Environmental Origin and Comparison to <named-content content-type="genus-species">Clostridium difficile</named-content> Spores

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