Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark

Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in the Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with potential life-threatening complications. There are two major types of Stx: Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been...

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Autores principales:	Xiangning Bai, Flemming Scheutz, Henrik Mellström Dahlgren, Ingela Hedenström, Cecilia Jernberg
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Shiga toxin subtype communicable disease diarrhea surveillance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/689bc2766cb04012b54ed3b08de47104
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:689bc2766cb04012b54ed3b08de471042021-11-25T18:25:30ZCharacterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark10.3390/microorganisms91123742076-2607https://doaj.org/article/689bc2766cb04012b54ed3b08de471042021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/11/2374https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in the Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with potential life-threatening complications. There are two major types of Stx: Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in <i>E. coli</i>, varying in sequences, toxicity and host specificity. Here, we report a novel Stx2 subtype (designated Stx2m) from three clinical <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from diarrheal patients and asymptomatic carriers in Sweden and Denmark. The Stx2m toxin was functional and exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro. The two Swedish Stx2m-producing strains belonged to the same serotype O148:H39 and Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST) Sequence Type (ST) 5825, while the Danish strain belonged to the O96:H19 serotype and ST99 type. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data analysis revealed that the three Stx2m-producing strains harbored additional virulence genes and the macrolide resistance gene <i>mdf</i> (A). Our findings expand the pool of Stx2 subtypes and highlight the clinical significance of emerging STEC variants. Given the clinical relevance of the Stx2m-producing strains, we propose to include Stx2m in epidemiological surveillance of STEC infections and clinical diagnosis.Xiangning BaiFlemming ScheutzHenrik Mellström DahlgrenIngela HedenströmCecilia JernbergMDPI AGarticleShiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>Shiga toxin subtypecommunicable diseasediarrheasurveillanceBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENMicroorganisms, Vol 9, Iss 2374, p 2374 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Shiga toxin subtype communicable disease diarrhea surveillance Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Shiga toxin subtype communicable disease diarrhea surveillance Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Xiangning Bai Flemming Scheutz Henrik Mellström Dahlgren Ingela Hedenström Cecilia Jernberg Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark
description	Shiga toxin (Stx) is the key virulence factor in the Shiga Toxin-Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> (STEC), which can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with potential life-threatening complications. There are two major types of Stx: Stx1 and Stx2. Several Stx1/Stx2 subtypes have been identified in <i>E. coli</i>, varying in sequences, toxicity and host specificity. Here, we report a novel Stx2 subtype (designated Stx2m) from three clinical <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from diarrheal patients and asymptomatic carriers in Sweden and Denmark. The Stx2m toxin was functional and exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro. The two Swedish Stx2m-producing strains belonged to the same serotype O148:H39 and Multilocus Sequencing Typing (MLST) Sequence Type (ST) 5825, while the Danish strain belonged to the O96:H19 serotype and ST99 type. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data analysis revealed that the three Stx2m-producing strains harbored additional virulence genes and the macrolide resistance gene <i>mdf</i> (A). Our findings expand the pool of Stx2 subtypes and highlight the clinical significance of emerging STEC variants. Given the clinical relevance of the Stx2m-producing strains, we propose to include Stx2m in epidemiological surveillance of STEC infections and clinical diagnosis.
format	article
author	Xiangning Bai Flemming Scheutz Henrik Mellström Dahlgren Ingela Hedenström Cecilia Jernberg
author_facet	Xiangning Bai Flemming Scheutz Henrik Mellström Dahlgren Ingela Hedenström Cecilia Jernberg
author_sort	Xiangning Bai
title	Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark
title_short	Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark
title_full	Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark
title_fullStr	Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark
title_sort	characterization of clinical <i>escherichia coli</i> strains producing a novel shiga toxin 2 subtype in sweden and denmark
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/689bc2766cb04012b54ed3b08de47104
work_keys_str_mv	AT xiangningbai characterizationofclinicaliescherichiacoliistrainsproducinganovelshigatoxin2subtypeinswedenanddenmark AT flemmingscheutz characterizationofclinicaliescherichiacoliistrainsproducinganovelshigatoxin2subtypeinswedenanddenmark AT henrikmellstromdahlgren characterizationofclinicaliescherichiacoliistrainsproducinganovelshigatoxin2subtypeinswedenanddenmark AT ingelahedenstrom characterizationofclinicaliescherichiacoliistrainsproducinganovelshigatoxin2subtypeinswedenanddenmark AT ceciliajernberg characterizationofclinicaliescherichiacoliistrainsproducinganovelshigatoxin2subtypeinswedenanddenmark
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Characterization of Clinical <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains Producing a Novel Shiga Toxin 2 Subtype in Sweden and Denmark

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