Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study

David C Dorman,1 Melanie L Foster,2 Katherine E Fernhoff,1 Paul R Hess2 1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Abstract: The scent detection prowess of dogs has prompted int...

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Autores principales:	Dorman DC, Foster ML, Fernhoff KE, Hess PR
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2017
Materias:	Urinary tract cancer Cancer detection dogs Cancer odor Olfactory memory Multiple sample learning Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/68c1ea252bc44e6587a5645596c95c86
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:68c1ea252bc44e6587a5645596c95c862021-12-02T06:10:59ZCanine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study2230-2034https://doaj.org/article/68c1ea252bc44e6587a5645596c95c862017-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/canine-scent-detection-of-canine-cancer-a-feasibility-study-peer-reviewed-article-VMRRhttps://doaj.org/toc/2230-2034David C Dorman,1 Melanie L Foster,2 Katherine E Fernhoff,1 Paul R Hess2 1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Abstract: The scent detection prowess of dogs has prompted interest in their ability to detect cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dogs could use olfactory cues to discriminate urine samples collected from dogs that did or did not have urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), at a rate greater than chance. Dogs with previous scent training (n=4) were initially trained to distinguish between a single control and a single TCC-positive urine sample. All dogs acquired this task (mean =15±7.9 sessions; 20 trials/session). The next training phase used four additional control urine samples (n=5) while maintaining the one original TCC-positive urine sample. All dogs quickly acquired this task (mean =5.3±1.5 sessions). The last training phase used multiple control (n=4) and TCC-positive (n=6) urine samples to promote categorical training by the dogs. Only one dog was able to correctly distinguish multiple combinations of TCC-positive and control urine samples suggesting that it mastered categorical learning. The final study phase evaluated whether this dog would generalize this behavior to novel urine samples. However, during double-blind tests using two novel TCC-positive and six novel TCC-negative urine samples, this dog did not indicate canine TCC-positive cancer samples more frequently than expected by chance. Our study illustrates the need to consider canine olfactory memory and the use of double-blind methods to avoid erroneous conclusions regarding the ability of dogs to alert on specimens from canine cancer patients. Our results also suggest that sample storage, confounding odors, and other factors need to be considered in the design of future studies that evaluate the detection of canine cancers by scent detection dogs. Keywords: urinary tract cancer, cancer detection dogs, cancer odor, olfactory memory, multiple sample learningDorman DCFoster MLFernhoff KEHess PRDove Medical PressarticleUrinary tract cancerCancer detection dogsCancer odorOlfactory memoryMultiple sample learningVeterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary Medicine: Research and Reports, Vol Volume 8, Pp 69-76 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Urinary tract cancer Cancer detection dogs Cancer odor Olfactory memory Multiple sample learning Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	Urinary tract cancer Cancer detection dogs Cancer odor Olfactory memory Multiple sample learning Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Dorman DC Foster ML Fernhoff KE Hess PR Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
description	David C Dorman,1 Melanie L Foster,2 Katherine E Fernhoff,1 Paul R Hess2 1Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, 2Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA Abstract: The scent detection prowess of dogs has prompted interest in their ability to detect cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dogs could use olfactory cues to discriminate urine samples collected from dogs that did or did not have urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), at a rate greater than chance. Dogs with previous scent training (n=4) were initially trained to distinguish between a single control and a single TCC-positive urine sample. All dogs acquired this task (mean =15±7.9 sessions; 20 trials/session). The next training phase used four additional control urine samples (n=5) while maintaining the one original TCC-positive urine sample. All dogs quickly acquired this task (mean =5.3±1.5 sessions). The last training phase used multiple control (n=4) and TCC-positive (n=6) urine samples to promote categorical training by the dogs. Only one dog was able to correctly distinguish multiple combinations of TCC-positive and control urine samples suggesting that it mastered categorical learning. The final study phase evaluated whether this dog would generalize this behavior to novel urine samples. However, during double-blind tests using two novel TCC-positive and six novel TCC-negative urine samples, this dog did not indicate canine TCC-positive cancer samples more frequently than expected by chance. Our study illustrates the need to consider canine olfactory memory and the use of double-blind methods to avoid erroneous conclusions regarding the ability of dogs to alert on specimens from canine cancer patients. Our results also suggest that sample storage, confounding odors, and other factors need to be considered in the design of future studies that evaluate the detection of canine cancers by scent detection dogs. Keywords: urinary tract cancer, cancer detection dogs, cancer odor, olfactory memory, multiple sample learning
format	article
author	Dorman DC Foster ML Fernhoff KE Hess PR
author_facet	Dorman DC Foster ML Fernhoff KE Hess PR
author_sort	Dorman DC
title	Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
title_short	Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
title_full	Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
title_fullStr	Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
title_full_unstemmed	Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
title_sort	canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/68c1ea252bc44e6587a5645596c95c86
work_keys_str_mv	AT dormandc caninescentdetectionofcaninecancerafeasibilitystudy AT fosterml caninescentdetectionofcaninecancerafeasibilitystudy AT fernhoffke caninescentdetectionofcaninecancerafeasibilitystudy AT hesspr caninescentdetectionofcaninecancerafeasibilitystudy
_version_	1718400055430348800

Canine scent detection of canine cancer: a feasibility study

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