Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome

Caitlin J Smith, Kelli K Ryckman Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the presence of a variety of metabolic disturban...

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Autores principales:	Smith CJ, Ryckman KK
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2015
Materias:	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/68d985baeb8c487e8b541bc0ce220c7f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:68d985baeb8c487e8b541bc0ce220c7f2021-12-02T01:25:52ZEpigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/68d985baeb8c487e8b541bc0ce220c7f2015-06-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.dovepress.com/epigenetic-and-developmental-influences-on-the-risk-of-obesity-diabete-peer-reviewed-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Caitlin J Smith, Kelli K Ryckman Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the presence of a variety of metabolic disturbances including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood sugar. Although the risk for metabolic syndrome has largely been attributed to adult lifestyle factors such as poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and smoking, there is now strong evidence suggesting that predisposition to the development of metabolic syndrome begins in utero. First posited by Hales and Barker in 1992, the “thrifty phenotype” hypothesis proposes that susceptibility to adult chronic diseases can occur in response to exposures in the prenatal and perinatal periods. This hypothesis has been continually supported by epidemiologic studies and studies involving animal models. In this review, we describe the structural, metabolic and epigenetic changes that occur in response to adverse intrauterine environments including prenatal and postnatal diet, maternal obesity, and pregnancy complications. Given the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in both the developed and developing worlds, a greater understanding and appreciation for the role of the intrauterine environment in adult chronic disease etiology is imperative. Keywords: epigenetics, metabolic syndrome, fetal programming, maternal, pregnancy complicationsSmith CJRyckman KKDove Medical PressarticleSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol 2015, Iss default, Pp 295-302 (2015)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Smith CJ Ryckman KK Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
description	Caitlin J Smith, Kelli K Ryckman Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA, USA Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the presence of a variety of metabolic disturbances including obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and elevated fasting blood sugar. Although the risk for metabolic syndrome has largely been attributed to adult lifestyle factors such as poor nutrition, lack of exercise, and smoking, there is now strong evidence suggesting that predisposition to the development of metabolic syndrome begins in utero. First posited by Hales and Barker in 1992, the “thrifty phenotype” hypothesis proposes that susceptibility to adult chronic diseases can occur in response to exposures in the prenatal and perinatal periods. This hypothesis has been continually supported by epidemiologic studies and studies involving animal models. In this review, we describe the structural, metabolic and epigenetic changes that occur in response to adverse intrauterine environments including prenatal and postnatal diet, maternal obesity, and pregnancy complications. Given the increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in both the developed and developing worlds, a greater understanding and appreciation for the role of the intrauterine environment in adult chronic disease etiology is imperative. Keywords: epigenetics, metabolic syndrome, fetal programming, maternal, pregnancy complications
format	article
author	Smith CJ Ryckman KK
author_facet	Smith CJ Ryckman KK
author_sort	Smith CJ
title	Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
title_short	Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
title_full	Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
title_fullStr	Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
title_full_unstemmed	Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
title_sort	epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2015
url	https://doaj.org/article/68d985baeb8c487e8b541bc0ce220c7f
work_keys_str_mv	AT smithcj epigeneticanddevelopmentalinfluencesontheriskofobesitydiabetesandmetabolicsyndrome AT ryckmankk epigeneticanddevelopmentalinfluencesontheriskofobesitydiabetesandmetabolicsyndrome
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Epigenetic and developmental influences on the risk of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome

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