Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release

Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycans involved in many biological processes. Several studies reported their protective effect against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. CS are commonly derived from animal sources, but ethical concerns, the risk of c...

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Autores principales:	Emiliano Bedini, Alfonso Iadonisi, Chiara Schiraldi, Laura Colombo, Diego Albani, Paola Petrini, Carmen Giordano, Marta Tunesi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	sulfation pattern neuroprotection hydrogen peroxide DMMB assay agarose Carbomer homopolymers Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69042d01effa4bd1bc9b45404269e9d5
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69042d01effa4bd1bc9b45404269e9d52021-11-25T16:28:59ZMicrobiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release10.3390/antiox101118162076-3921https://doaj.org/article/69042d01effa4bd1bc9b45404269e9d52021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/11/1816https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3921Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycans involved in many biological processes. Several studies reported their protective effect against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. CS are commonly derived from animal sources, but ethical concerns, the risk of contamination with animal proteins, and the difficulty in controlling the sulfation pattern have prompted research towards non-animal sources. Here we exploited two microbiological-chemical sourced CS (i.e., CS-A,C and CS-A,C,K,L) and Carbopol 974P NF/agarose semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (i.e., P.NaOH.0 and P.Ethanol.0) to set up a release system, and tested the neuroprotective role of released CS against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress. After assessing that our CS (1–100 µM) require a 3 h pre-treatment for neuroprotection with SH-SY5Y cells, we evaluated whether the autoclave type (i.e., N- or B-type) affects hydrogel viscoelastic properties. We selected B-type autoclaves and repeated the study after loading CS (1 or 0.1 mg CS/0.5 mL gel). After loading 1 mg CS/0.5 mL gel, we evaluated CS release up to 7 days by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay and verified the neuroprotective role of CS-A,C (1 µM) in the supernatants. We observed that CS-A,C exhibits a broader neuroprotective effect than CS-A,C,K,L. Moreover, sulfation pattern affects not only neuroprotection, but also drug release.Emiliano BediniAlfonso IadonisiChiara SchiraldiLaura ColomboDiego AlbaniPaola PetriniCarmen GiordanoMarta TunesiMDPI AGarticlesulfation patternneuroprotectionhydrogen peroxideDMMB assayagaroseCarbomer homopolymersTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENAntioxidants, Vol 10, Iss 1816, p 1816 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	sulfation pattern neuroprotection hydrogen peroxide DMMB assay agarose Carbomer homopolymers Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	sulfation pattern neuroprotection hydrogen peroxide DMMB assay agarose Carbomer homopolymers Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Emiliano Bedini Alfonso Iadonisi Chiara Schiraldi Laura Colombo Diego Albani Paola Petrini Carmen Giordano Marta Tunesi Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release
description	Chondroitin sulfates (CS) are a class of sulfated glycosaminoglycans involved in many biological processes. Several studies reported their protective effect against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. CS are commonly derived from animal sources, but ethical concerns, the risk of contamination with animal proteins, and the difficulty in controlling the sulfation pattern have prompted research towards non-animal sources. Here we exploited two microbiological-chemical sourced CS (i.e., CS-A,C and CS-A,C,K,L) and Carbopol 974P NF/agarose semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (i.e., P.NaOH.0 and P.Ethanol.0) to set up a release system, and tested the neuroprotective role of released CS against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress. After assessing that our CS (1–100 µM) require a 3 h pre-treatment for neuroprotection with SH-SY5Y cells, we evaluated whether the autoclave type (i.e., N- or B-type) affects hydrogel viscoelastic properties. We selected B-type autoclaves and repeated the study after loading CS (1 or 0.1 mg CS/0.5 mL gel). After loading 1 mg CS/0.5 mL gel, we evaluated CS release up to 7 days by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) assay and verified the neuroprotective role of CS-A,C (1 µM) in the supernatants. We observed that CS-A,C exhibits a broader neuroprotective effect than CS-A,C,K,L. Moreover, sulfation pattern affects not only neuroprotection, but also drug release.
format	article
author	Emiliano Bedini Alfonso Iadonisi Chiara Schiraldi Laura Colombo Diego Albani Paola Petrini Carmen Giordano Marta Tunesi
author_facet	Emiliano Bedini Alfonso Iadonisi Chiara Schiraldi Laura Colombo Diego Albani Paola Petrini Carmen Giordano Marta Tunesi
author_sort	Emiliano Bedini
title	Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release
title_short	Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release
title_full	Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release
title_fullStr	Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release
title_full_unstemmed	Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release
title_sort	microbiological-chemical sourced chondroitin sulfates protect neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells against oxidative stress and are suitable for hydrogel-based controlled release
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69042d01effa4bd1bc9b45404269e9d5
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Microbiological-Chemical Sourced Chondroitin Sulfates Protect Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against Oxidative Stress and Are Suitable for Hydrogel-Based Controlled Release

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