Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers

Abstract Filler particle functionalization with thiourethane oligomers has been shown to increase fracture toughness and decrease polymerization stress in dental composites, though the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically characterize the effect of the type of...

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Autores principales:	Ana Paula Piovezan Fugolin, Ana Rosa Costa, Lourenco Correr-Sobrinho, R. Crystal Chaw, Steven Lewis, Jack Liborio Ferracane, Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6916197c59fe4ef48f370ddda361335f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6916197c59fe4ef48f370ddda361335f2021-12-02T14:25:55ZToughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers10.1038/s41598-021-87151-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6916197c59fe4ef48f370ddda361335f2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87151-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Filler particle functionalization with thiourethane oligomers has been shown to increase fracture toughness and decrease polymerization stress in dental composites, though the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically characterize the effect of the type of filler surface functionalization on the physicochemical properties of experimental resin composites containing fillers of different size and volume fraction. Barium glass fillers (1, 3 and 10 µm) were functionalized with 2 wt% thiourethane-silane (TU-Sil) synthesized de novo and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Fillers treated with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MA-Sil) and with no surface treatment (No-Sil) served as controls. Fillers (50, 60 and 70 wt%) were incorporated into BisGMA-UDMA-TEGDMA (5:3:2) containing camphorquinone/ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (0.2/0.8 wt%) and 0.2 wt% di-tert-butyl hydroxytoluene. The functionalized particles were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and a representative group was tagged with methacrylated rhodamine B and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Polymerization kinetics were assessed by near-IR spectroscopy. Polymerization stress was tested in a cantilever system, and fracture toughness was assessed with single edge-notched beams. Fracture surfaces were characterized by SEM. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The grafting of thiourethane oligomer onto the surface of the filler particles led to reductions in polymerization stress ranging between 41 and 54%, without affecting the viscosity of the composite. Fracture toughness increased on average by 35% for composites with the experimental fillers compared with the traditional methacrylate-silanized groups. SEM and confocal analyses demonstrate that the coverage of the filler surface was not homogeneous and varied with the size of the filler. The average silane layer for the 1 µm particle functionalized with the thiourethane was 206 nm, much thicker than reported for traditional silanes. In summary, this study systematically characterized the silane layer and established structure–property relationships for methacrylate and thiourethane silane-containing materials. The results demonstrate that significant stress reductions and fracture toughness increases are obtained by judiciously tailoring the organic–inorganic interface in dental composites.Ana Paula Piovezan FugolinAna Rosa CostaLourenco Correr-SobrinhoR. Crystal ChawSteven LewisJack Liborio FerracaneCarmem Silvia PfeiferNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ana Paula Piovezan Fugolin Ana Rosa Costa Lourenco Correr-Sobrinho R. Crystal Chaw Steven Lewis Jack Liborio Ferracane Carmem Silvia Pfeifer Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
description	Abstract Filler particle functionalization with thiourethane oligomers has been shown to increase fracture toughness and decrease polymerization stress in dental composites, though the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to systematically characterize the effect of the type of filler surface functionalization on the physicochemical properties of experimental resin composites containing fillers of different size and volume fraction. Barium glass fillers (1, 3 and 10 µm) were functionalized with 2 wt% thiourethane-silane (TU-Sil) synthesized de novo and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. Fillers treated with 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (MA-Sil) and with no surface treatment (No-Sil) served as controls. Fillers (50, 60 and 70 wt%) were incorporated into BisGMA-UDMA-TEGDMA (5:3:2) containing camphorquinone/ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (0.2/0.8 wt%) and 0.2 wt% di-tert-butyl hydroxytoluene. The functionalized particles were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and a representative group was tagged with methacrylated rhodamine B and analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Polymerization kinetics were assessed by near-IR spectroscopy. Polymerization stress was tested in a cantilever system, and fracture toughness was assessed with single edge-notched beams. Fracture surfaces were characterized by SEM. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The grafting of thiourethane oligomer onto the surface of the filler particles led to reductions in polymerization stress ranging between 41 and 54%, without affecting the viscosity of the composite. Fracture toughness increased on average by 35% for composites with the experimental fillers compared with the traditional methacrylate-silanized groups. SEM and confocal analyses demonstrate that the coverage of the filler surface was not homogeneous and varied with the size of the filler. The average silane layer for the 1 µm particle functionalized with the thiourethane was 206 nm, much thicker than reported for traditional silanes. In summary, this study systematically characterized the silane layer and established structure–property relationships for methacrylate and thiourethane silane-containing materials. The results demonstrate that significant stress reductions and fracture toughness increases are obtained by judiciously tailoring the organic–inorganic interface in dental composites.
format	article
author	Ana Paula Piovezan Fugolin Ana Rosa Costa Lourenco Correr-Sobrinho R. Crystal Chaw Steven Lewis Jack Liborio Ferracane Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
author_facet	Ana Paula Piovezan Fugolin Ana Rosa Costa Lourenco Correr-Sobrinho R. Crystal Chaw Steven Lewis Jack Liborio Ferracane Carmem Silvia Pfeifer
author_sort	Ana Paula Piovezan Fugolin
title	Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
title_short	Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
title_full	Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
title_fullStr	Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
title_full_unstemmed	Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
title_sort	toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6916197c59fe4ef48f370ddda361335f
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Toughening and polymerization stress control in composites using thiourethane-treated fillers

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