<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities

ABSTRACT The wild legume Lotus japonicus engages in mutualistic symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Using plants grown in natural soil and community profiling of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacers (ITSs), we examin...

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Autores principales:	Thorsten Thiergart, Rafal Zgadzaj, Zoltán Bozsóki, Ruben Garrido-Oter, Simona Radutoiu, Paul Schulze-Lefert
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Society for Microbiology 2019
Materias:	microbiome plant-microbe interactions symbiosis Microbiology QR1-502
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/691e8b794eba48518d4d0ca01429c69e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:691e8b794eba48518d4d0ca01429c69e2021-11-15T15:59:41Z<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities10.1128/mBio.01833-192150-7511https://doaj.org/article/691e8b794eba48518d4d0ca01429c69e2019-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mBio.01833-19https://doaj.org/toc/2150-7511ABSTRACT The wild legume Lotus japonicus engages in mutualistic symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Using plants grown in natural soil and community profiling of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacers (ITSs), we examined the role of the Lotus symbiosis genes RAM1, NFR5, SYMRK, and CCaMK in structuring bacterial and fungal root-associated communities. We found host genotype-dependent community shifts in the root and rhizosphere compartments that were mainly confined to bacteria in nfr5 or fungi in ram1 mutants, while symrk and ccamk plants displayed major changes across both microbial kingdoms. We observed in all AM mutant roots an almost complete depletion of a large number of Glomeromycota taxa that was accompanied by a concomitant enrichment of Helotiales and Nectriaceae fungi, suggesting compensatory niche replacement within the fungal community. A subset of Glomeromycota whose colonization is strictly dependent on the common symbiosis pathway was retained in ram1 mutants, indicating that RAM1 is dispensable for intraradical colonization by some Glomeromycota fungi. However, intraradical colonization by bacteria belonging to the Burkholderiaceae and Anaeroplasmataceae is dependent on AM root infection, revealing a microbial interkingdom interaction. Despite the overall robustness of the bacterial root microbiota against major changes in the composition of root-associated fungal assemblages, bacterial and fungal cooccurrence network analysis demonstrates that simultaneous disruption of AM and rhizobium symbiosis increases the connectivity among taxa of the bacterial root microbiota. Our findings imply a broad role for Lotus symbiosis genes in structuring the root microbiota and identify unexpected microbial interkingdom interactions between root symbionts and commensal communities. IMPORTANCE Studies on symbiosis genes in plants typically focus on binary interactions between roots and soilborne nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi in laboratory environments. We utilized wild type and symbiosis mutants of a model legume, grown in natural soil, in which bacterial, fungal, or both symbioses are impaired to examine potential interactions between the symbionts and commensal microorganisms of the root microbiota when grown in natural soil. This revealed microbial interkingdom interactions between the root symbionts and fungal as well as bacterial commensal communities. Nevertheless, the bacterial root microbiota remains largely robust when fungal symbiosis is impaired. Our work implies a broad role for host symbiosis genes in structuring the root microbiota of legumes.Thorsten ThiergartRafal ZgadzajZoltán BozsókiRuben Garrido-OterSimona RadutoiuPaul Schulze-LefertAmerican Society for Microbiologyarticlemicrobiomeplant-microbe interactionssymbiosisMicrobiologyQR1-502ENmBio, Vol 10, Iss 5 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	microbiome plant-microbe interactions symbiosis Microbiology QR1-502
spellingShingle	microbiome plant-microbe interactions symbiosis Microbiology QR1-502 Thorsten Thiergart Rafal Zgadzaj Zoltán Bozsóki Ruben Garrido-Oter Simona Radutoiu Paul Schulze-Lefert <italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities
description	ABSTRACT The wild legume Lotus japonicus engages in mutualistic symbiotic relationships with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Using plants grown in natural soil and community profiling of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacers (ITSs), we examined the role of the Lotus symbiosis genes RAM1, NFR5, SYMRK, and CCaMK in structuring bacterial and fungal root-associated communities. We found host genotype-dependent community shifts in the root and rhizosphere compartments that were mainly confined to bacteria in nfr5 or fungi in ram1 mutants, while symrk and ccamk plants displayed major changes across both microbial kingdoms. We observed in all AM mutant roots an almost complete depletion of a large number of Glomeromycota taxa that was accompanied by a concomitant enrichment of Helotiales and Nectriaceae fungi, suggesting compensatory niche replacement within the fungal community. A subset of Glomeromycota whose colonization is strictly dependent on the common symbiosis pathway was retained in ram1 mutants, indicating that RAM1 is dispensable for intraradical colonization by some Glomeromycota fungi. However, intraradical colonization by bacteria belonging to the Burkholderiaceae and Anaeroplasmataceae is dependent on AM root infection, revealing a microbial interkingdom interaction. Despite the overall robustness of the bacterial root microbiota against major changes in the composition of root-associated fungal assemblages, bacterial and fungal cooccurrence network analysis demonstrates that simultaneous disruption of AM and rhizobium symbiosis increases the connectivity among taxa of the bacterial root microbiota. Our findings imply a broad role for Lotus symbiosis genes in structuring the root microbiota and identify unexpected microbial interkingdom interactions between root symbionts and commensal communities. IMPORTANCE Studies on symbiosis genes in plants typically focus on binary interactions between roots and soilborne nitrogen-fixing rhizobia or mycorrhizal fungi in laboratory environments. We utilized wild type and symbiosis mutants of a model legume, grown in natural soil, in which bacterial, fungal, or both symbioses are impaired to examine potential interactions between the symbionts and commensal microorganisms of the root microbiota when grown in natural soil. This revealed microbial interkingdom interactions between the root symbionts and fungal as well as bacterial commensal communities. Nevertheless, the bacterial root microbiota remains largely robust when fungal symbiosis is impaired. Our work implies a broad role for host symbiosis genes in structuring the root microbiota of legumes.
format	article
author	Thorsten Thiergart Rafal Zgadzaj Zoltán Bozsóki Ruben Garrido-Oter Simona Radutoiu Paul Schulze-Lefert
author_facet	Thorsten Thiergart Rafal Zgadzaj Zoltán Bozsóki Ruben Garrido-Oter Simona Radutoiu Paul Schulze-Lefert
author_sort	Thorsten Thiergart
title	<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities
title_short	<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities
title_full	<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities
title_fullStr	<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities
title_full_unstemmed	<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities
title_sort	<italic toggle="yes">lotus japonicus</italic> symbiosis genes impact microbial interactions between symbionts and multikingdom commensal communities
publisher	American Society for Microbiology
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/691e8b794eba48518d4d0ca01429c69e
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<italic toggle="yes">Lotus japonicus</italic> Symbiosis Genes Impact Microbial Interactions between Symbionts and Multikingdom Commensal Communities

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