Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey

Background A worldwide health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the need to focus on its mental health impact. However, literature on mental health effects including post-traumatic consequences of the pandemic is scarce. Objective The current study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS),...

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Autores principales:	Gözde Ikizer, Ayse Nuray Karanci, Ervin Gul, Ilknur Dilekler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Taylor & Francis Group 2021
Materias:	post-traumatic stress post-traumatic growth post-traumatic depreciation perceived stress event-related rumination covid-19 Psychiatry RC435-571
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/697ecf52990d435bb24ef4430aa08212
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:697ecf52990d435bb24ef4430aa082122021-12-01T14:40:59ZPost-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey2000-806610.1080/20008198.2021.1872966https://doaj.org/article/697ecf52990d435bb24ef4430aa082122021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1872966https://doaj.org/toc/2000-8066Background A worldwide health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the need to focus on its mental health impact. However, literature on mental health effects including post-traumatic consequences of the pandemic is scarce. Objective The current study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS), growth (PTG), and depreciation (PTD) during the pandemic, and explored factors associated with these mental health outcomes in an adult community sample from Turkey. Method A total of 685 participants responded to an online survey that gathered data on sociodemographic characteristics, financial loss during the pandemic, time spent at home and frequency of social media use, perception of COVID-related risks, stress, and event-related rumination. Data analysis included correlation and regression analyses. Results Results showed that PTS, PTG, and PTD were positively correlated with each other. Younger age and being single were associated with higher PTS and PTD, and lower education levels predicted all three outcomes. Experiencing financial loss during the pandemic, more frequent social media use to follow COVID-related news and posts, and longer time spent at home during the pandemic were associated with higher PTS. Anticipating financial risks during the pandemic were associated with all outcomes while anticipating health-related risks due to COVID-19 and perceived stress levels predicted PTS and PTD but not PTG. Both intrusive and deliberate rumination were associated with higher levels of PTS and PTD, and PTG was predicted solely by deliberate rumination. Moreover, provisional PTSD was indicated in 47.9% of the participants. Membership to the provisional PTSD group was predicted by age, level of education, time spent on social media, anticipating COVID‐19–related health risks, perceived stress, and event-related rumination. Conclusions The current study provides empirical evidence for the short-term post-traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors, which can help to guide mental health services during the pandemic.Gözde IkizerAyse Nuray KaranciErvin GulIlknur DileklerTaylor & Francis Grouparticlepost-traumatic stresspost-traumatic growthpost-traumatic depreciationperceived stressevent-related ruminationcovid-19PsychiatryRC435-571ENEuropean Journal of Psychotraumatology, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	post-traumatic stress post-traumatic growth post-traumatic depreciation perceived stress event-related rumination covid-19 Psychiatry RC435-571
spellingShingle	post-traumatic stress post-traumatic growth post-traumatic depreciation perceived stress event-related rumination covid-19 Psychiatry RC435-571 Gözde Ikizer Ayse Nuray Karanci Ervin Gul Ilknur Dilekler Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
description	Background A worldwide health threat, the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted the need to focus on its mental health impact. However, literature on mental health effects including post-traumatic consequences of the pandemic is scarce. Objective The current study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS), growth (PTG), and depreciation (PTD) during the pandemic, and explored factors associated with these mental health outcomes in an adult community sample from Turkey. Method A total of 685 participants responded to an online survey that gathered data on sociodemographic characteristics, financial loss during the pandemic, time spent at home and frequency of social media use, perception of COVID-related risks, stress, and event-related rumination. Data analysis included correlation and regression analyses. Results Results showed that PTS, PTG, and PTD were positively correlated with each other. Younger age and being single were associated with higher PTS and PTD, and lower education levels predicted all three outcomes. Experiencing financial loss during the pandemic, more frequent social media use to follow COVID-related news and posts, and longer time spent at home during the pandemic were associated with higher PTS. Anticipating financial risks during the pandemic were associated with all outcomes while anticipating health-related risks due to COVID-19 and perceived stress levels predicted PTS and PTD but not PTG. Both intrusive and deliberate rumination were associated with higher levels of PTS and PTD, and PTG was predicted solely by deliberate rumination. Moreover, provisional PTSD was indicated in 47.9% of the participants. Membership to the provisional PTSD group was predicted by age, level of education, time spent on social media, anticipating COVID‐19–related health risks, perceived stress, and event-related rumination. Conclusions The current study provides empirical evidence for the short-term post-traumatic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related factors, which can help to guide mental health services during the pandemic.
format	article
author	Gözde Ikizer Ayse Nuray Karanci Ervin Gul Ilknur Dilekler
author_facet	Gözde Ikizer Ayse Nuray Karanci Ervin Gul Ilknur Dilekler
author_sort	Gözde Ikizer
title	Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
title_short	Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
title_full	Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
title_fullStr	Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
title_full_unstemmed	Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey
title_sort	post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the covid-19 pandemic: evidence from turkey
publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/697ecf52990d435bb24ef4430aa08212
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Post-traumatic stress, growth, and depreciation during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from Turkey

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