Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.

Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the triatomine Mepraia spinolai in the southwest of South America. Here, we examined the T. cruzi-infection dynamics of field-caught M. spinolai after laboratory feeding, with a follow-up procedure on bug populations collected in winte...

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Autores principales:	Valeria Cortés, Amalia Cruz, Sofia Onetti, Daniela Kinzel, Javiera Garcia, Sylvia Ortiz, Angélica Lopez, Pedro E Cattan, Carezza Botto-Mahan, Aldo Solari
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69abb63f909d4f2d81a5438d68a45783
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69abb63f909d4f2d81a5438d68a457832021-12-02T20:24:05ZTrypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009729https://doaj.org/article/69abb63f909d4f2d81a5438d68a457832021-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009729https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the triatomine Mepraia spinolai in the southwest of South America. Here, we examined the T. cruzi-infection dynamics of field-caught M. spinolai after laboratory feeding, with a follow-up procedure on bug populations collected in winter and spring of 2017 and 2018. Bugs were analyzed twice to evaluate T. cruzi-infection by PCR assays of urine/fecal samples, the first evaluation right after collection and the second 40 days after the first feeding. We detected bugs with: the first sample positive and second negative (+/-), the first sample negative and second positive (-/+), and with both samples positive or negative (+/+; -/-). Bugs that resulted positive on both occasions were the most frequent, with the exception of those collected in winter 2018. Infection rate in spring was higher than winter only in 2018. Early and late stage nymphs presented similar T. cruzi-infection rates except for winter 2017; therefore, all nymphs may contribute to T. cruzi-transmission to humans. Assessment of infection using two samples represents a realistic way to determine the infection a triatomine can harbor. The underlying mechanism may be that some bugs do not excrete parasites unless they are fed and maintained for some time under environmentally controlled conditions before releasing T. cruzi, which persists in the vector hindgut. We suggest that T. cruzi-infection dynamics regarding the three types of positive-PCR results detected by follow-up represent: residual T. cruzi in the rectal lumen (+/-), colonization of parasites attached to the rectal wall (-/+), and presence of both kinds of flagellates in the hindgut of triatomines (+/+). We suggest residual T. cruzi-infections are released after feeding, and result 60-90 days after infection persisting in the rectal lumen after a fasting event, a phenomenon that might vary between contrasting seasons and years.Valeria CortésAmalia CruzSofia OnettiDaniela KinzelJaviera GarciaSylvia OrtizAngélica LopezPedro E CattanCarezza Botto-MahanAldo SolariPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0009729 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Valeria Cortés Amalia Cruz Sofia Onetti Daniela Kinzel Javiera Garcia Sylvia Ortiz Angélica Lopez Pedro E Cattan Carezza Botto-Mahan Aldo Solari Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.
description	Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by the triatomine Mepraia spinolai in the southwest of South America. Here, we examined the T. cruzi-infection dynamics of field-caught M. spinolai after laboratory feeding, with a follow-up procedure on bug populations collected in winter and spring of 2017 and 2018. Bugs were analyzed twice to evaluate T. cruzi-infection by PCR assays of urine/fecal samples, the first evaluation right after collection and the second 40 days after the first feeding. We detected bugs with: the first sample positive and second negative (+/-), the first sample negative and second positive (-/+), and with both samples positive or negative (+/+; -/-). Bugs that resulted positive on both occasions were the most frequent, with the exception of those collected in winter 2018. Infection rate in spring was higher than winter only in 2018. Early and late stage nymphs presented similar T. cruzi-infection rates except for winter 2017; therefore, all nymphs may contribute to T. cruzi-transmission to humans. Assessment of infection using two samples represents a realistic way to determine the infection a triatomine can harbor. The underlying mechanism may be that some bugs do not excrete parasites unless they are fed and maintained for some time under environmentally controlled conditions before releasing T. cruzi, which persists in the vector hindgut. We suggest that T. cruzi-infection dynamics regarding the three types of positive-PCR results detected by follow-up represent: residual T. cruzi in the rectal lumen (+/-), colonization of parasites attached to the rectal wall (-/+), and presence of both kinds of flagellates in the hindgut of triatomines (+/+). We suggest residual T. cruzi-infections are released after feeding, and result 60-90 days after infection persisting in the rectal lumen after a fasting event, a phenomenon that might vary between contrasting seasons and years.
format	article
author	Valeria Cortés Amalia Cruz Sofia Onetti Daniela Kinzel Javiera Garcia Sylvia Ortiz Angélica Lopez Pedro E Cattan Carezza Botto-Mahan Aldo Solari
author_facet	Valeria Cortés Amalia Cruz Sofia Onetti Daniela Kinzel Javiera Garcia Sylvia Ortiz Angélica Lopez Pedro E Cattan Carezza Botto-Mahan Aldo Solari
author_sort	Valeria Cortés
title	Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.
title_short	Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.
title_full	Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.
title_fullStr	Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.
title_full_unstemmed	Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.
title_sort	trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of chagas disease: comparing early and late stage nymphs.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69abb63f909d4f2d81a5438d68a45783
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Trypanosoma cruzi infection follow-up in a sylvatic vector of Chagas disease: Comparing early and late stage nymphs.

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