Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.

Iodization of food grade salt has been mandated in Thailand since 1994. Currently, processed food consumption is increasing, triggered by higher income, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, which affects the source of salt and potentially iodized salt among the population. However, adequate informat...

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Autores principales:	Saipin Chotivichien, Nuntaya Chongchaithet, Pattamaporn Aksornchu, Nuntachit Boonmongkol, Pattama Duangmusik, Jacky Knowles, Sangsom Sinawat
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69bb151a55e44491a13242ce573f78a8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69bb151a55e44491a13242ce573f78a82021-12-02T20:15:38ZAssessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0253590https://doaj.org/article/69bb151a55e44491a13242ce573f78a82021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253590https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Iodization of food grade salt has been mandated in Thailand since 1994. Currently, processed food consumption is increasing, triggered by higher income, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, which affects the source of salt and potentially iodized salt among the population. However, adequate information about the use of iodized salt in processed foods in Thailand is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess iodine intake through salt-containing processed foods and condiments which were identified using national survey data. Potential iodine intake from iodized salt in food products was modelled using consumption data and product salt content from food labelling and laboratory analysis. Fish sauce, soy sauce and seasoning sauces (salty condiments) have alternative regulation allowing for direct iodization of the final product, therefore modelling was conducted including and excluding these products. Daily salt intake from household salt and food industry salt (including salty condiments) was estimated to be 2.4 g for children 0-5 years of age, 4.6 g for children 6-12 years of age, and 11.5 g for adults. The use of iodized salt in processed foods (excluding salty condiments) met approximately 100% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for iodine for non-pregnant adults and for children 6 to 12 years of age, and 50% of the EAR for iodine for children aged 0 to 5 years of age. In all cases, iodine intake from processed food consumption was greater than from estimated household iodized salt consumption. Findings suggest that iodized salt from processed foods is an important source of iodine intake, especially in adults. The use of iodized salt by the food industry should be enforced along with population monitoring to ensure sustainability of optimal iodine intake. Currently, the addition of iodine into fish sauce, soy sauce and seasoning sauces has an important role in achieving and sustaining optimal iodine intake.Saipin ChotivichienNuntaya ChongchaithetPattamaporn AksornchuNuntachit BoonmongkolPattama DuangmusikJacky KnowlesSangsom SinawatPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e0253590 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Saipin Chotivichien Nuntaya Chongchaithet Pattamaporn Aksornchu Nuntachit Boonmongkol Pattama Duangmusik Jacky Knowles Sangsom Sinawat Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.
description	Iodization of food grade salt has been mandated in Thailand since 1994. Currently, processed food consumption is increasing, triggered by higher income, urbanization, and lifestyle changes, which affects the source of salt and potentially iodized salt among the population. However, adequate information about the use of iodized salt in processed foods in Thailand is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to assess iodine intake through salt-containing processed foods and condiments which were identified using national survey data. Potential iodine intake from iodized salt in food products was modelled using consumption data and product salt content from food labelling and laboratory analysis. Fish sauce, soy sauce and seasoning sauces (salty condiments) have alternative regulation allowing for direct iodization of the final product, therefore modelling was conducted including and excluding these products. Daily salt intake from household salt and food industry salt (including salty condiments) was estimated to be 2.4 g for children 0-5 years of age, 4.6 g for children 6-12 years of age, and 11.5 g for adults. The use of iodized salt in processed foods (excluding salty condiments) met approximately 100% of the estimated average requirement (EAR) for iodine for non-pregnant adults and for children 6 to 12 years of age, and 50% of the EAR for iodine for children aged 0 to 5 years of age. In all cases, iodine intake from processed food consumption was greater than from estimated household iodized salt consumption. Findings suggest that iodized salt from processed foods is an important source of iodine intake, especially in adults. The use of iodized salt by the food industry should be enforced along with population monitoring to ensure sustainability of optimal iodine intake. Currently, the addition of iodine into fish sauce, soy sauce and seasoning sauces has an important role in achieving and sustaining optimal iodine intake.
format	article
author	Saipin Chotivichien Nuntaya Chongchaithet Pattamaporn Aksornchu Nuntachit Boonmongkol Pattama Duangmusik Jacky Knowles Sangsom Sinawat
author_facet	Saipin Chotivichien Nuntaya Chongchaithet Pattamaporn Aksornchu Nuntachit Boonmongkol Pattama Duangmusik Jacky Knowles Sangsom Sinawat
author_sort	Saipin Chotivichien
title	Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.
title_short	Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.
title_full	Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.
title_fullStr	Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.
title_full_unstemmed	Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.
title_sort	assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in thailand.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69bb151a55e44491a13242ce573f78a8
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Assessment of the contribution of industrially processed foods to salt and iodine intake in Thailand.

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