Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes

Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the main cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. However, with changing climate JEV has the potential to emerge in novel temperate regions. Here, we have assessed the vector competence of the temperate mosquito Culex pipiens f....

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Autores principales:	Arran J. Folly, Daniel Dorey-Robinson, Luis M. Hernández-Triana, Stuart Ackroyd, Beatriz Vidana, Fabian Z. X. Lean, Daniel Hicks, Alejandro Nuñez, Nicholas Johnson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69c0bfeeb62649338633c44a4afadc51
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69c0bfeeb62649338633c44a4afadc512021-12-02T16:31:11ZTemperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes10.1038/s41598-021-85411-22045-2322https://doaj.org/article/69c0bfeeb62649338633c44a4afadc512021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85411-2https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the main cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. However, with changing climate JEV has the potential to emerge in novel temperate regions. Here, we have assessed the vector competence of the temperate mosquito Culex pipiens f. pipiens to vector JEV genotype III at temperatures representative of those experienced, or predicted in the future during the summer months, in the United Kingdom. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is susceptible to JEV infection at both temperatures. In addition, at 25 °C, JEV disseminated from the midgut and was recovered in saliva samples, indicating the potential for transmission. At a lower temperature, 20 °C, following an incubation period of fourteen days, there were reduced levels of JEV dissemination and virus was not detected in saliva samples. The virus present in the bodies of these mosquitoes was restricted to the posterior midgut as determined by microscopy and viable virus was successfully recovered. Apart from the influence on virus dissemination, mosquito mortality was significantly increased at the higher temperature. Overall, our results suggest that temperature is a critical factor for JEV vector competence and infected-mosquito survival. This may in turn influence the vectorial capacity of Cx. pipiens to vector JEV genotype III in temperate areas.Arran J. FollyDaniel Dorey-RobinsonLuis M. Hernández-TrianaStuart AckroydBeatriz VidanaFabian Z. X. LeanDaniel HicksAlejandro NuñezNicholas JohnsonNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Arran J. Folly Daniel Dorey-Robinson Luis M. Hernández-Triana Stuart Ackroyd Beatriz Vidana Fabian Z. X. Lean Daniel Hicks Alejandro Nuñez Nicholas Johnson Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
description	Abstract Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is the main cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. However, with changing climate JEV has the potential to emerge in novel temperate regions. Here, we have assessed the vector competence of the temperate mosquito Culex pipiens f. pipiens to vector JEV genotype III at temperatures representative of those experienced, or predicted in the future during the summer months, in the United Kingdom. Our results show that Cx. pipiens is susceptible to JEV infection at both temperatures. In addition, at 25 °C, JEV disseminated from the midgut and was recovered in saliva samples, indicating the potential for transmission. At a lower temperature, 20 °C, following an incubation period of fourteen days, there were reduced levels of JEV dissemination and virus was not detected in saliva samples. The virus present in the bodies of these mosquitoes was restricted to the posterior midgut as determined by microscopy and viable virus was successfully recovered. Apart from the influence on virus dissemination, mosquito mortality was significantly increased at the higher temperature. Overall, our results suggest that temperature is a critical factor for JEV vector competence and infected-mosquito survival. This may in turn influence the vectorial capacity of Cx. pipiens to vector JEV genotype III in temperate areas.
format	article
author	Arran J. Folly Daniel Dorey-Robinson Luis M. Hernández-Triana Stuart Ackroyd Beatriz Vidana Fabian Z. X. Lean Daniel Hicks Alejandro Nuñez Nicholas Johnson
author_facet	Arran J. Folly Daniel Dorey-Robinson Luis M. Hernández-Triana Stuart Ackroyd Beatriz Vidana Fabian Z. X. Lean Daniel Hicks Alejandro Nuñez Nicholas Johnson
author_sort	Arran J. Folly
title	Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
title_short	Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
title_full	Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
title_fullStr	Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
title_full_unstemmed	Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes
title_sort	temperate conditions restrict japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in culex pipiens mosquitoes
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69c0bfeeb62649338633c44a4afadc51
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Temperate conditions restrict Japanese encephalitis virus infection to the mid-gut and prevents systemic dissemination in Culex pipiens mosquitoes

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