Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters

Deployment of CTA-2045–enabled devices is increasing in the U.S. market. These devices allow utilities or third-party aggregators to control appliance energy use in homes, and could also be applied to end uses in small commercial buildings. This study focuses on a field study using CTA-2045–enabled...

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Autores principales:	Manasseh Obi, Cheryn Metzger, Ebony Mayhorn, Travis Ashley, Walter Hunt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	building services demand response demand side management energy management energy efficiency energy storage Technology T
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69c63e71cb3b4cbc9f16596a86614893
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69c63e71cb3b4cbc9f16596a866148932021-11-25T17:26:52ZNontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters10.3390/en142275741996-1073https://doaj.org/article/69c63e71cb3b4cbc9f16596a866148932021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7574https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1073Deployment of CTA-2045–enabled devices is increasing in the U.S. market. These devices allow utilities or third-party aggregators to control appliance energy use in homes, and could also be applied to end uses in small commercial buildings. This study focuses on a field study using CTA-2045–enabled water heaters to shift electric load off the peak and toward periods when renewable resources are more prevalent (e.g., near noon for solar resources and near midnight for wind resources). The following load shifting strategies were compared to understand effects on the aggregate load-shifting capabilities of Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWHs) and on consumer hot water supply: non-targeted (traditional), targeted (grouped, with different shifting schedules) and “smart” (adaptive control commands). The results of this study show that targeted and smart control strategies yield significantly more load-shifting potential from a population of water heaters than the non-targeted approach without sacrificing hot water supply to occupants. However, as control commands become more aggressive, aggregators may face challenges in meeting consumer hot water demand. The findings and lessons learned can benefit electric utilities and inform updates to manufacturer controls and communications standards. The data collected may also be useful for developing and validating HPWH models.Manasseh ObiCheryn MetzgerEbony MayhornTravis AshleyWalter HuntMDPI AGarticlebuilding servicesdemand responsedemand side managementenergy managementenergy efficiencyenergy storageTechnologyTENEnergies, Vol 14, Iss 7574, p 7574 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	building services demand response demand side management energy management energy efficiency energy storage Technology T
spellingShingle	building services demand response demand side management energy management energy efficiency energy storage Technology T Manasseh Obi Cheryn Metzger Ebony Mayhorn Travis Ashley Walter Hunt Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters
description	Deployment of CTA-2045–enabled devices is increasing in the U.S. market. These devices allow utilities or third-party aggregators to control appliance energy use in homes, and could also be applied to end uses in small commercial buildings. This study focuses on a field study using CTA-2045–enabled water heaters to shift electric load off the peak and toward periods when renewable resources are more prevalent (e.g., near noon for solar resources and near midnight for wind resources). The following load shifting strategies were compared to understand effects on the aggregate load-shifting capabilities of Heat Pump Water Heaters (HPWHs) and on consumer hot water supply: non-targeted (traditional), targeted (grouped, with different shifting schedules) and “smart” (adaptive control commands). The results of this study show that targeted and smart control strategies yield significantly more load-shifting potential from a population of water heaters than the non-targeted approach without sacrificing hot water supply to occupants. However, as control commands become more aggressive, aggregators may face challenges in meeting consumer hot water demand. The findings and lessons learned can benefit electric utilities and inform updates to manufacturer controls and communications standards. The data collected may also be useful for developing and validating HPWH models.
format	article
author	Manasseh Obi Cheryn Metzger Ebony Mayhorn Travis Ashley Walter Hunt
author_facet	Manasseh Obi Cheryn Metzger Ebony Mayhorn Travis Ashley Walter Hunt
author_sort	Manasseh Obi
title	Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters
title_short	Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters
title_full	Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters
title_fullStr	Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters
title_full_unstemmed	Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters
title_sort	nontargeted vs. targeted vs. smart load shifting using heat pump water heaters
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69c63e71cb3b4cbc9f16596a86614893
work_keys_str_mv	AT manassehobi nontargetedvstargetedvssmartloadshiftingusingheatpumpwaterheaters AT cherynmetzger nontargetedvstargetedvssmartloadshiftingusingheatpumpwaterheaters AT ebonymayhorn nontargetedvstargetedvssmartloadshiftingusingheatpumpwaterheaters AT travisashley nontargetedvstargetedvssmartloadshiftingusingheatpumpwaterheaters AT walterhunt nontargetedvstargetedvssmartloadshiftingusingheatpumpwaterheaters
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Nontargeted vs. Targeted vs. Smart Load Shifting Using Heat Pump Water Heaters

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