Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs

Background and Aim: Infectious bursal disease attacks the poultry industry, mainly young chickens, causing immunosuppression, and death with high economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of Quercus infectoria (QI), Citrus aurantifolia...

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Autores principales:	Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa, Dhuha Ismael Abdulmajeed, Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Veterinary World 2021
Materias:	chick embryo herbal plant infectious bursal disease virus iraq Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/69f12c1df76d4ef1861335f5a39ef198
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:69f12c1df76d4ef1861335f5a39ef1982021-11-25T07:30:58ZEvaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs10.14202/vetworld.2021.2971-29780972-89882231-0916https://doaj.org/article/69f12c1df76d4ef1861335f5a39ef1982021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.14/November-2021/18.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/0972-8988https://doaj.org/toc/2231-0916Background and Aim: Infectious bursal disease attacks the poultry industry, mainly young chickens, causing immunosuppression, and death with high economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of Quercus infectoria (QI), Citrus aurantifolia (CiA), and Coffea arabica (CoA) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Materials and Methods: The experimental design consisted of three sets of ECEs at 11 days of age, and each set included seven groups (G1-G7). The extracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were inoculated to ECEs by the chorioallantoic membrane method before, in concomitant (mixed) with, and after IBDV infection to the first, second, and third sets, respectively. The monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were given at 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations to G1-G3, G4-G6, and G7, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction identified and confirmed the virus in accordance with the pathological changes. Results: The monoextract (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas the monoextract (10% concentration) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Diextracts (2-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas diextracts (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Triextracts (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV by ameliorating the pathological changes of the virus and preventing the death of ECEs. Conclusion: The inoculation of herbal extracts, particularly triextracts, alleviates the pathological changes in ECEs infected with IBDV. This study recommends the oral route in evaluating plant extracts against IBDV in poultry.Rawaa Saladdin JumaaDhuha Ismael AbdulmajeedAbdulkarim Jafar KarimVeterinary Worldarticlechick embryoherbal plantinfectious bursal disease virusiraqAnimal cultureSF1-1100Veterinary medicineSF600-1100ENVeterinary World, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 2971-2978 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	chick embryo herbal plant infectious bursal disease virus iraq Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100
spellingShingle	chick embryo herbal plant infectious bursal disease virus iraq Animal culture SF1-1100 Veterinary medicine SF600-1100 Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa Dhuha Ismael Abdulmajeed Abdulkarim Jafar Karim Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
description	Background and Aim: Infectious bursal disease attacks the poultry industry, mainly young chickens, causing immunosuppression, and death with high economic losses. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of Quercus infectoria (QI), Citrus aurantifolia (CiA), and Coffea arabica (CoA) on infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs). Materials and Methods: The experimental design consisted of three sets of ECEs at 11 days of age, and each set included seven groups (G1-G7). The extracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were inoculated to ECEs by the chorioallantoic membrane method before, in concomitant (mixed) with, and after IBDV infection to the first, second, and third sets, respectively. The monoextract, diextracts, and triextracts of QI, CiA, and CoA were given at 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations to G1-G3, G4-G6, and G7, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction identified and confirmed the virus in accordance with the pathological changes. Results: The monoextract (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas the monoextract (10% concentration) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Diextracts (2-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV and had no effect on viral infection preinoculation, whereas diextracts (5-10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV during mixed inoculation and post-inoculation. Triextracts (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% concentrations) inhibited IBDV by ameliorating the pathological changes of the virus and preventing the death of ECEs. Conclusion: The inoculation of herbal extracts, particularly triextracts, alleviates the pathological changes in ECEs infected with IBDV. This study recommends the oral route in evaluating plant extracts against IBDV in poultry.
format	article
author	Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa Dhuha Ismael Abdulmajeed Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
author_facet	Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa Dhuha Ismael Abdulmajeed Abdulkarim Jafar Karim
author_sort	Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa
title	Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
title_short	Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
title_full	Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
title_fullStr	Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
title_sort	evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs
publisher	Veterinary World
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/69f12c1df76d4ef1861335f5a39ef198
work_keys_str_mv	AT rawaasaladdinjumaa evaluationofsecondarymetabolitesofherbalplantextractsasanantiviraleffectoninfectiousbursaldiseasevirusisolatesinembryonatedchickeneggs AT dhuhaismaelabdulmajeed evaluationofsecondarymetabolitesofherbalplantextractsasanantiviraleffectoninfectiousbursaldiseasevirusisolatesinembryonatedchickeneggs AT abdulkarimjafarkarim evaluationofsecondarymetabolitesofherbalplantextractsasanantiviraleffectoninfectiousbursaldiseasevirusisolatesinembryonatedchickeneggs
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Evaluation of secondary metabolites of herbal plant extracts as an antiviral effect on infectious bursal disease virus isolates in embryonated chicken eggs

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