Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant

Abstract. Simamora AV, Hahuly MV, Henuk JBD. 2021. Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant. Biodiversitas 22: 2601-2609. In Indonesia, the cocoa tree is one of the essential cultivation crops for farmers. Despite the importance of cocoa cultivatio...

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Autores principales:	AGNES VIRGINIA SIMAMORA, MAYAVIRA VERONICA HAHULY, JULINDA BD Henuk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MBI & UNS Solo 2021
Materias:	aspergillus cocoa endophytic fungi fusarium ramichloridium phytophthora palmivora Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6a49b4e596be4374b48c3381909074ed
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6a49b4e596be4374b48c3381909074ed2021-11-22T12:13:35ZEndophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant1412-033X2085-472210.13057/biodiv/d220519https://doaj.org/article/6a49b4e596be4374b48c3381909074ed2021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://smujo.id/biodiv/article/view/7985https://doaj.org/toc/1412-033Xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2085-4722Abstract. Simamora AV, Hahuly MV, Henuk JBD. 2021. Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant. Biodiversitas 22: 2601-2609. In Indonesia, the cocoa tree is one of the essential cultivation crops for farmers. Despite the importance of cocoa cultivation in Indonesia's economy, the productivity of this crop has declined. Cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) is one of the most severe diseases affecting this crop worldwide, with average annual losses above 40%. Instead of using manufactured chemicals, biological control is an effective and eco-friendly alternative control measure against plant pathogens. This work aimed to assess the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from healthy cocoa pods to control Phytophthora palmivora in vitro and in vivo. Endophytic fungal isolates were classified based on the morphological characteristics of their cultures and reproductive structures. All isolates found were tested to inhibit P. palmivora in the dual culture method, and the best 10 isolates were continued for detached pod assay. Then, the best five isolates (Aspergillus4, Aspergillus5, Aspergillus6, Fusarium6, Ramichloridium sp.) were evaluated for their capability to reduce P. palmivora in cocoa seedlings and in the field plants. Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Ramichloridium showed maximum activity against P. palmivora in dual culture, pod, and seedling assays. Nevertheless, when all these five isolates were applied in the field, they did not suppress the disease development.AGNES VIRGINIA SIMAMORAMAYAVIRA VERONICA HAHULYJULINDA BD HenukMBI & UNS Soloarticleaspergilluscocoaendophytic fungifusariumramichloridiumphytophthora palmivoraBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENBiodiversitas, Vol 22, Iss 5 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	aspergillus cocoa endophytic fungi fusarium ramichloridium phytophthora palmivora Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	aspergillus cocoa endophytic fungi fusarium ramichloridium phytophthora palmivora Biology (General) QH301-705.5 AGNES VIRGINIA SIMAMORA MAYAVIRA VERONICA HAHULY JULINDA BD Henuk Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
description	Abstract. Simamora AV, Hahuly MV, Henuk JBD. 2021. Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant. Biodiversitas 22: 2601-2609. In Indonesia, the cocoa tree is one of the essential cultivation crops for farmers. Despite the importance of cocoa cultivation in Indonesia's economy, the productivity of this crop has declined. Cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora (Butl.) is one of the most severe diseases affecting this crop worldwide, with average annual losses above 40%. Instead of using manufactured chemicals, biological control is an effective and eco-friendly alternative control measure against plant pathogens. This work aimed to assess the potential of endophytic fungi isolated from healthy cocoa pods to control Phytophthora palmivora in vitro and in vivo. Endophytic fungal isolates were classified based on the morphological characteristics of their cultures and reproductive structures. All isolates found were tested to inhibit P. palmivora in the dual culture method, and the best 10 isolates were continued for detached pod assay. Then, the best five isolates (Aspergillus4, Aspergillus5, Aspergillus6, Fusarium6, Ramichloridium sp.) were evaluated for their capability to reduce P. palmivora in cocoa seedlings and in the field plants. Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Ramichloridium showed maximum activity against P. palmivora in dual culture, pod, and seedling assays. Nevertheless, when all these five isolates were applied in the field, they did not suppress the disease development.
format	article
author	AGNES VIRGINIA SIMAMORA MAYAVIRA VERONICA HAHULY JULINDA BD Henuk
author_facet	AGNES VIRGINIA SIMAMORA MAYAVIRA VERONICA HAHULY JULINDA BD Henuk
author_sort	AGNES VIRGINIA SIMAMORA
title	Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
title_short	Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
title_full	Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
title_fullStr	Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
title_full_unstemmed	Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
title_sort	endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant
publisher	MBI & UNS Solo
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6a49b4e596be4374b48c3381909074ed
work_keys_str_mv	AT agnesvirginiasimamora endophyticfungiaspotentialbiocontrolagentsofphytophthorapalmivorainthecocoaplant AT mayaviraveronicahahuly endophyticfungiaspotentialbiocontrolagentsofphytophthorapalmivorainthecocoaplant AT julindabdhenuk endophyticfungiaspotentialbiocontrolagentsofphytophthorapalmivorainthecocoaplant
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Endophytic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of Phytophthora palmivora in the cocoa plant

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