Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer

Cancer is a worldwide burden resulting in millions of deaths each year. In particular, gastrointestinal tumors are life-threatening malignancies and one of the leading reasons for death in developed countries. Phytochemicals can be found in grains, vegetables, fruits and several foods. Many phytoche...

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Autores principales:	Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa, Marco Giammanco, Mauro Magnani
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	hallmarks of cancer oncogenes phytochemicals anticancer drugs gastrointestinal tumors Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6a4ffcfcc3814460823b27ea283af10c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6a4ffcfcc3814460823b27ea283af10c2021-11-11T15:08:42ZGastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer10.3390/app1121100772076-3417https://doaj.org/article/6a4ffcfcc3814460823b27ea283af10c2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/21/10077https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Cancer is a worldwide burden resulting in millions of deaths each year. In particular, gastrointestinal tumors are life-threatening malignancies and one of the leading reasons for death in developed countries. Phytochemicals can be found in grains, vegetables, fruits and several foods. Many phytochemicals, such as curcumin, genistein, luteolin, vitexin-2-O-xyloside, avenanthramides, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, sulforaphane, piperine and thymoquinone have been used in combination with different chemotherapeutic agents for their synergistic anticancer effects against various forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the antitumor properties and biological effects of combinations of phytochemicals and anticancer drugs against gastrointestinal tumors: colon cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer. We focus on the molecular pathways, oncoproteins and tumor suppressors modulated by the combination of phytochemicals with antitumor drugs and on the biomarkers of the hallmarks of cancer influenced by these therapeutic strategies in cancer cell lines, xenograft models and clinical trials. The increased knowledge of biomarkers and molecular pathways regulated by the combination of phytochemicals and conventional anticancer drugs in both in vitro and in vivo models will remarkably improve the efficacy of these therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal tumors in future innovative clinical applications.Emanuele Salvatore ScarpaMarco GiammancoMauro MagnaniMDPI AGarticlehallmarks of canceroncogenesphytochemicalsanticancer drugsgastrointestinal tumorsTechnologyTEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040Biology (General)QH301-705.5PhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENApplied Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 10077, p 10077 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	hallmarks of cancer oncogenes phytochemicals anticancer drugs gastrointestinal tumors Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	hallmarks of cancer oncogenes phytochemicals anticancer drugs gastrointestinal tumors Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Physics QC1-999 Chemistry QD1-999 Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa Marco Giammanco Mauro Magnani Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer
description	Cancer is a worldwide burden resulting in millions of deaths each year. In particular, gastrointestinal tumors are life-threatening malignancies and one of the leading reasons for death in developed countries. Phytochemicals can be found in grains, vegetables, fruits and several foods. Many phytochemicals, such as curcumin, genistein, luteolin, vitexin-2-O-xyloside, avenanthramides, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol, sulforaphane, piperine and thymoquinone have been used in combination with different chemotherapeutic agents for their synergistic anticancer effects against various forms of cancer. In this review, we describe the antitumor properties and biological effects of combinations of phytochemicals and anticancer drugs against gastrointestinal tumors: colon cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer. We focus on the molecular pathways, oncoproteins and tumor suppressors modulated by the combination of phytochemicals with antitumor drugs and on the biomarkers of the hallmarks of cancer influenced by these therapeutic strategies in cancer cell lines, xenograft models and clinical trials. The increased knowledge of biomarkers and molecular pathways regulated by the combination of phytochemicals and conventional anticancer drugs in both in vitro and in vivo models will remarkably improve the efficacy of these therapeutic strategies against gastrointestinal tumors in future innovative clinical applications.
format	article
author	Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa Marco Giammanco Mauro Magnani
author_facet	Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa Marco Giammanco Mauro Magnani
author_sort	Emanuele Salvatore Scarpa
title	Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer
title_short	Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer
title_full	Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer
title_fullStr	Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer
title_full_unstemmed	Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer
title_sort	gastrointestinal tumors: phytochemical and drug combinations targeting the hallmarks of cancer
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6a4ffcfcc3814460823b27ea283af10c
work_keys_str_mv	AT emanuelesalvatorescarpa gastrointestinaltumorsphytochemicalanddrugcombinationstargetingthehallmarksofcancer AT marcogiammanco gastrointestinaltumorsphytochemicalanddrugcombinationstargetingthehallmarksofcancer AT mauromagnani gastrointestinaltumorsphytochemicalanddrugcombinationstargetingthehallmarksofcancer
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Gastrointestinal Tumors: Phytochemical and Drug Combinations Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer

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