Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches

The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in surface waters and their impact on drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) is a growing, global concern. The main objective of this paper was to assess the presence of cyanobacteria in surface water sources and associated cell removal efficiency in full-scale...

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Autores principales:	Arash Zamyadi, Caitlin M. Glover, Attika Yasir, Richard Stuetz, Gayle Newcombe, Nicholas D. Crosbie, Tsair-Fuh Lin, Rita Henderson
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	cell quota cyanobacteria cyanotoxins drinking water treatment maximum tolerable cell count taste and odor compounds River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6a5d073b7d284ca2a2f1c2254c153ea2
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6a5d073b7d284ca2a2f1c2254c153ea22021-11-08T07:59:55ZToxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches2616-651810.2166/h2oj.2021.067https://doaj.org/article/6a5d073b7d284ca2a2f1c2254c153ea22021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2021.067https://doaj.org/toc/2616-6518The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in surface waters and their impact on drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) is a growing, global concern. The main objective of this paper was to assess the presence of cyanobacteria in surface water sources and associated cell removal efficiency in full-scale WTPs across the world. Previously unpublished data was collected from WTPs experiencing cyanobacterial blooms in either their managed surface waters or recreational waters. In total, data were collected from 31 surface water sources and 21 WTPs in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The most commonly detected species were identified in both the surface waters, including Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, and Planktolyngbya, and water treatment plant intakes, including Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Anabaena, Pseudanabaena, and Aphanizomenon. In the intakes, cyanotoxins and taste and odor (T&O) compounds frequently co-occurred (80%) as did multiple cyanotoxins (39%). Conventional treatment saw a wide range of removal depending on the density of cells, species, and metabolites. Although more than 28% of sampling events displayed negligible or even negative removals of metabolites or cells due to accumulation within the clarifier, filtration, or water recycling, the presence of multiple treatment barriers, particularly advanced treatments like granular activated carbon and nanofiltration, allowed for the cells and their metabolites of concern to be removed to below guideline values. During treatment, total microcystins were often removed without releasing their intracellular fraction, whereas cylindrospermopsin, geosmin, and 2-MIB were commonly detected as entirely extracellular at the plant's intake. The maximum tolerable cell (MTC) counts for cyanotoxin- or T&O-producing cells were calculated using guideline values, average removal efficiency, and the average cell quota derived from data. The 21 WTPs in this work were found to be able to tolerate approximately 74,000 cells/mL for microcystins, 8,000 cells/mL for cylindrospermopsin, and 1,200 cells/mL for geosmin and 2-MIB before exceeding guideline values. These levels provide guidance for water treatment plant operators to assess the potential risk associated with cells capable of producing cyanotoxins or T&O compounds. Highlights Distinguish between the abundance and presence of cyanobacteria.; Assess the performance of a full-scale treatment process for the successful removal of cyanobacteria and their associated metabolites.; Determine the range of cyanotoxin or T&O compound concentration per cell.;Arash ZamyadiCaitlin M. GloverAttika YasirRichard StuetzGayle NewcombeNicholas D. CrosbieTsair-Fuh LinRita HendersonIWA Publishingarticlecell quotacyanobacteriacyanotoxinsdrinking water treatmentmaximum tolerable cell counttaste and odor compoundsRiver, lake, and water-supply engineering (General)TC401-506Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENH2Open Journal, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 47-62 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cell quota cyanobacteria cyanotoxins drinking water treatment maximum tolerable cell count taste and odor compounds River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	cell quota cyanobacteria cyanotoxins drinking water treatment maximum tolerable cell count taste and odor compounds River, lake, and water-supply engineering (General) TC401-506 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Arash Zamyadi Caitlin M. Glover Attika Yasir Richard Stuetz Gayle Newcombe Nicholas D. Crosbie Tsair-Fuh Lin Rita Henderson Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
description	The occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria in surface waters and their impact on drinking water treatment plants (WTPs) is a growing, global concern. The main objective of this paper was to assess the presence of cyanobacteria in surface water sources and associated cell removal efficiency in full-scale WTPs across the world. Previously unpublished data was collected from WTPs experiencing cyanobacterial blooms in either their managed surface waters or recreational waters. In total, data were collected from 31 surface water sources and 21 WTPs in North and South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. The most commonly detected species were identified in both the surface waters, including Microcystis, Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria, and Planktolyngbya, and water treatment plant intakes, including Microcystis, Cylindrospermopsis, Anabaena, Pseudanabaena, and Aphanizomenon. In the intakes, cyanotoxins and taste and odor (T&O) compounds frequently co-occurred (80%) as did multiple cyanotoxins (39%). Conventional treatment saw a wide range of removal depending on the density of cells, species, and metabolites. Although more than 28% of sampling events displayed negligible or even negative removals of metabolites or cells due to accumulation within the clarifier, filtration, or water recycling, the presence of multiple treatment barriers, particularly advanced treatments like granular activated carbon and nanofiltration, allowed for the cells and their metabolites of concern to be removed to below guideline values. During treatment, total microcystins were often removed without releasing their intracellular fraction, whereas cylindrospermopsin, geosmin, and 2-MIB were commonly detected as entirely extracellular at the plant's intake. The maximum tolerable cell (MTC) counts for cyanotoxin- or T&O-producing cells were calculated using guideline values, average removal efficiency, and the average cell quota derived from data. The 21 WTPs in this work were found to be able to tolerate approximately 74,000 cells/mL for microcystins, 8,000 cells/mL for cylindrospermopsin, and 1,200 cells/mL for geosmin and 2-MIB before exceeding guideline values. These levels provide guidance for water treatment plant operators to assess the potential risk associated with cells capable of producing cyanotoxins or T&O compounds. Highlights Distinguish between the abundance and presence of cyanobacteria.; Assess the performance of a full-scale treatment process for the successful removal of cyanobacteria and their associated metabolites.; Determine the range of cyanotoxin or T&O compound concentration per cell.;
format	article
author	Arash Zamyadi Caitlin M. Glover Attika Yasir Richard Stuetz Gayle Newcombe Nicholas D. Crosbie Tsair-Fuh Lin Rita Henderson
author_facet	Arash Zamyadi Caitlin M. Glover Attika Yasir Richard Stuetz Gayle Newcombe Nicholas D. Crosbie Tsair-Fuh Lin Rita Henderson
author_sort	Arash Zamyadi
title	Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
title_short	Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
title_full	Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
title_fullStr	Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
title_full_unstemmed	Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
title_sort	toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6a5d073b7d284ca2a2f1c2254c153ea2
work_keys_str_mv	AT arashzamyadi toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT caitlinmglover toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT attikayasir toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT richardstuetz toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT gaylenewcombe toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT nicholasdcrosbie toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT tsairfuhlin toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches AT ritahenderson toxiccyanobacteriainwatersupplysystemsdataanalysistomapglobalchallengesanddemonstratethebenefitsofmultibarriertreatmentapproaches
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Toxic cyanobacteria in water supply systems: data analysis to map global challenges and demonstrate the benefits of multi-barrier treatment approaches

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