Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers

<b>Objectives</b>: Cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-oxides are biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) used to assess short- and longer-term TSE. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between these TSE biomarkers, sociodemograp...

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Autores principales:	E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E. Matt, Lili Ding, Ashley L. Merianos
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	children biomarkers tobacco smoke exposure secondhand smoke thirdhand smoke Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ab7a69e48714da0817c7c247535947d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ab7a69e48714da0817c7c247535947d2021-11-25T17:48:33ZComparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers10.3390/ijerph1822118031660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/6ab7a69e48714da0817c7c247535947d2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/11803https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601<b>Objectives</b>: Cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-oxides are biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) used to assess short- and longer-term TSE. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between these TSE biomarkers, sociodemographics, parental smoking, and child TSE patterns among 0–17-year-olds. <b>Methods</b>: A convenience sample of 179 pediatric patients (mean (SD) age = 7.9 (4.3) years) who lived with ≥1 smoker and who had parental assessments completed and urine samples analyzed for the three TSE biomarkers of interest were included. Biomarker levels were log-transformed, univariate regression models were built and Pearson correlations were assessed. <b>Results</b>: In total, 100% of children had detectable levels of cotinine and >96% had detectable NNAL and N-oxide levels. The geometric means of cotinine, NNAL, and N-oxide levels were 10.1 ng/mL, 25.3 pg/mL, and 22.9 pg/mL, respectively. The mean (SD) number of daily cigarettes smoked by parents was 10.6 (6.0) cigarettes. Child age negatively correlated with urinary cotinine (<i>r</i> = −0.202, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and log NNAL levels (<i>r</i> = −0.275, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The highest log-cotinine levels were in children who were younger, of African American race, and whose parents had a lower education, an annual income ≤USD15,000, and no smoking bans. The highest log-NNAL and N-oxide levels were in children whose parents had a lower education, had no smoking bans, and were around higher numbers of cigarettes. <b>Conclusion</b>: Children of smokers who were younger, African American, and had no smoking bans had the highest TSE biomarker levels. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce TSE levels among high-risk children.E. Melinda Mahabee-GittensGeorg E. MattLili DingAshley L. MerianosMDPI AGarticlechildrenbiomarkerstobacco smoke exposuresecondhand smokethirdhand smokeMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 11803, p 11803 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	children biomarkers tobacco smoke exposure secondhand smoke thirdhand smoke Medicine R
spellingShingle	children biomarkers tobacco smoke exposure secondhand smoke thirdhand smoke Medicine R E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens Georg E. Matt Lili Ding Ashley L. Merianos Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers
description	<b>Objectives</b>: Cotinine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-oxides are biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) used to assess short- and longer-term TSE. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between these TSE biomarkers, sociodemographics, parental smoking, and child TSE patterns among 0–17-year-olds. <b>Methods</b>: A convenience sample of 179 pediatric patients (mean (SD) age = 7.9 (4.3) years) who lived with ≥1 smoker and who had parental assessments completed and urine samples analyzed for the three TSE biomarkers of interest were included. Biomarker levels were log-transformed, univariate regression models were built and Pearson correlations were assessed. <b>Results</b>: In total, 100% of children had detectable levels of cotinine and >96% had detectable NNAL and N-oxide levels. The geometric means of cotinine, NNAL, and N-oxide levels were 10.1 ng/mL, 25.3 pg/mL, and 22.9 pg/mL, respectively. The mean (SD) number of daily cigarettes smoked by parents was 10.6 (6.0) cigarettes. Child age negatively correlated with urinary cotinine (<i>r</i> = −0.202, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and log NNAL levels (<i>r</i> = −0.275, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The highest log-cotinine levels were in children who were younger, of African American race, and whose parents had a lower education, an annual income ≤USD15,000, and no smoking bans. The highest log-NNAL and N-oxide levels were in children whose parents had a lower education, had no smoking bans, and were around higher numbers of cigarettes. <b>Conclusion</b>: Children of smokers who were younger, African American, and had no smoking bans had the highest TSE biomarker levels. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce TSE levels among high-risk children.
format	article
author	E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens Georg E. Matt Lili Ding Ashley L. Merianos
author_facet	E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens Georg E. Matt Lili Ding Ashley L. Merianos
author_sort	E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
title	Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers
title_short	Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers
title_full	Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers
title_fullStr	Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers
title_full_unstemmed	Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers
title_sort	comparison of levels of three tobacco smoke exposure biomarkers in children of smokers
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ab7a69e48714da0817c7c247535947d
work_keys_str_mv	AT emelindamahabeegittens comparisonoflevelsofthreetobaccosmokeexposurebiomarkersinchildrenofsmokers AT georgematt comparisonoflevelsofthreetobaccosmokeexposurebiomarkersinchildrenofsmokers AT liliding comparisonoflevelsofthreetobaccosmokeexposurebiomarkersinchildrenofsmokers AT ashleylmerianos comparisonoflevelsofthreetobaccosmokeexposurebiomarkersinchildrenofsmokers
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Comparison of Levels of Three Tobacco Smoke Exposure Biomarkers in Children of Smokers

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