The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the Drosophila melanogaster Line with the Rif11; SuURES Su(var)3-906 Mutations Suppressing Underreplication

Although heterochromatin makes up 40% of the Drosophila melanogaster genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with th...

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Autores principales:	Tatyana Zykova, Mariya Maltseva, Fedor Goncharov, Lidia Boldyreva, Galina Pokholkova, Tatyana Kolesnikova, Igor Zhimulev
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	polytene chromosomes pericentromeric heterochromatin intercalary heterochromatin the <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> <i>Rif1</i> genes Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6abea64cb94e4247933bdaa0b746fe87
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6abea64cb94e4247933bdaa0b746fe872021-11-25T17:07:19ZThe Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication10.3390/cells101128092073-4409https://doaj.org/article/6abea64cb94e4247933bdaa0b746fe872021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/11/2809https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4409Although heterochromatin makes up 40% of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with the use of a newly synthesized <i>Drosophila</i> line that carries three mutations, <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup></i>, <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> and <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i>, suppressing the underreplication of heterochromatic regions, we obtained their fullest representation in polytene chromosomes and described their structure; (ii) 20 DNA fragments with known positions on the physical map as well as molecular genetic features of the genome (gene density, histone marks, heterochromatin proteins, origin recognition complex proteins, replication timing sites and satellite DNAs) were mapped in the newly polytenized heterochromatin using FISH and bioinformatics data. The borders of the heterochromatic regions and variations in their positions on arm 3L have been determined for the first time. The newly polytenized heterochromatic material exhibits two main types of morphology: a banding pattern (locations of genes and short satellites) and reticular chromatin (locations of large blocks of satellite DNA). The locations of the banding and reticular polytene heterochromatin was determined on the physical map.Tatyana ZykovaMariya MaltsevaFedor GoncharovLidia BoldyrevaGalina PokholkovaTatyana KolesnikovaIgor ZhimulevMDPI AGarticlepolytene chromosomespericentromeric heterochromatinintercalary heterochromatinthe <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i><i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i><i>Rif1</i> genesBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENCells, Vol 10, Iss 2809, p 2809 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	polytene chromosomes pericentromeric heterochromatin intercalary heterochromatin the <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> <i>Rif1</i> genes Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	polytene chromosomes pericentromeric heterochromatin intercalary heterochromatin the <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> <i>Rif1</i> genes Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Tatyana Zykova Mariya Maltseva Fedor Goncharov Lidia Boldyreva Galina Pokholkova Tatyana Kolesnikova Igor Zhimulev The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
description	Although heterochromatin makes up 40% of the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> genome, its organization remains little explored, especially in polytene chromosomes, as it is virtually not represented in them due to underreplication. Two all-new approaches were used in this work: (i) with the use of a newly synthesized <i>Drosophila</i> line that carries three mutations, <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup></i>, <i>SuUR<sup>ES</sup></i> and <i>Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i>, suppressing the underreplication of heterochromatic regions, we obtained their fullest representation in polytene chromosomes and described their structure; (ii) 20 DNA fragments with known positions on the physical map as well as molecular genetic features of the genome (gene density, histone marks, heterochromatin proteins, origin recognition complex proteins, replication timing sites and satellite DNAs) were mapped in the newly polytenized heterochromatin using FISH and bioinformatics data. The borders of the heterochromatic regions and variations in their positions on arm 3L have been determined for the first time. The newly polytenized heterochromatic material exhibits two main types of morphology: a banding pattern (locations of genes and short satellites) and reticular chromatin (locations of large blocks of satellite DNA). The locations of the banding and reticular polytene heterochromatin was determined on the physical map.
format	article
author	Tatyana Zykova Mariya Maltseva Fedor Goncharov Lidia Boldyreva Galina Pokholkova Tatyana Kolesnikova Igor Zhimulev
author_facet	Tatyana Zykova Mariya Maltseva Fedor Goncharov Lidia Boldyreva Galina Pokholkova Tatyana Kolesnikova Igor Zhimulev
author_sort	Tatyana Zykova
title	The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
title_short	The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
title_full	The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
title_fullStr	The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
title_full_unstemmed	The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication
title_sort	organization of pericentromeric heterochromatin in polytene chromosome 3 of the <i>drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> line with the <i>rif1<sup>1</sup>; suur<sup>es</sup> su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> mutations suppressing underreplication
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6abea64cb94e4247933bdaa0b746fe87
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The Organization of Pericentromeric Heterochromatin in Polytene Chromosome 3 of the <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> Line with the <i>Rif1<sup>1</sup>; SuUR<sup>ES</sup> Su(var)3-9<sup>06</sup></i> Mutations Suppressing Underreplication

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