Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island

The existence of the common mode error (CME) in the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate time series affects geophysical studies that use GNSS observations. To understand the potential contributors of CME in GNSS networks in Taiwan and their effect on velocity estimations,...

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Autores principales:	Xiaojun Ma, Bin Liu, Wujiao Dai, Cuilin Kuang, Xuemin Xing
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	GPS time-series analysis common mode error independent component analysis seasonal signals surface mass loading Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ac74dd52e7442149243dc533e3c0114
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ac74dd52e7442149243dc533e3c01142021-11-11T18:50:31ZPotential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island10.3390/rs132142212072-4292https://doaj.org/article/6ac74dd52e7442149243dc533e3c01142021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/21/4221https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292The existence of the common mode error (CME) in the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate time series affects geophysical studies that use GNSS observations. To understand the potential contributors of CME in GNSS networks in Taiwan and their effect on velocity estimations, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) to filter the vertical coordinate time series from 44 high-quality GNSS stations in Taiwan island in China, with a span of 10 years. The filtering effects have been evaluated and the potential causes of the CME are analyzed. The root-mean-square values decreased by approximately 14% and 17% after spatio-temporal filtering using PCA and ICA, respectively. We then discuss the relationship between the CME sources obtained by ICA and the environmental loads. The results reveal that the independent displacements extracted by ICA correlate with the atmospheric mass loading (ATML) and land water storage mass loading (LWS) of Taiwan in terms of both its amplitude and phase. We then use the white noise plus power law noise model to quantitatively estimate the noise characteristics of the pre- and post-filtered coordinate time series based on the maximum likelihood estimation criterion. The results indicate that spatio-temporal filtering reduces the amplitude of the PL and the periodic terms in the GPS time series.Xiaojun MaBin LiuWujiao DaiCuilin KuangXuemin XingMDPI AGarticleGPS time-series analysiscommon mode errorindependent component analysisseasonal signalssurface mass loadingScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4221, p 4221 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	GPS time-series analysis common mode error independent component analysis seasonal signals surface mass loading Science Q
spellingShingle	GPS time-series analysis common mode error independent component analysis seasonal signals surface mass loading Science Q Xiaojun Ma Bin Liu Wujiao Dai Cuilin Kuang Xuemin Xing Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island
description	The existence of the common mode error (CME) in the continuous global navigation satellite system (GNSS) coordinate time series affects geophysical studies that use GNSS observations. To understand the potential contributors of CME in GNSS networks in Taiwan and their effect on velocity estimations, we used the principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) to filter the vertical coordinate time series from 44 high-quality GNSS stations in Taiwan island in China, with a span of 10 years. The filtering effects have been evaluated and the potential causes of the CME are analyzed. The root-mean-square values decreased by approximately 14% and 17% after spatio-temporal filtering using PCA and ICA, respectively. We then discuss the relationship between the CME sources obtained by ICA and the environmental loads. The results reveal that the independent displacements extracted by ICA correlate with the atmospheric mass loading (ATML) and land water storage mass loading (LWS) of Taiwan in terms of both its amplitude and phase. We then use the white noise plus power law noise model to quantitatively estimate the noise characteristics of the pre- and post-filtered coordinate time series based on the maximum likelihood estimation criterion. The results indicate that spatio-temporal filtering reduces the amplitude of the PL and the periodic terms in the GPS time series.
format	article
author	Xiaojun Ma Bin Liu Wujiao Dai Cuilin Kuang Xuemin Xing
author_facet	Xiaojun Ma Bin Liu Wujiao Dai Cuilin Kuang Xuemin Xing
author_sort	Xiaojun Ma
title	Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island
title_short	Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island
title_full	Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island
title_fullStr	Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island
title_full_unstemmed	Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island
title_sort	potential contributors to common mode error in array gps displacement fields in taiwan island
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ac74dd52e7442149243dc533e3c0114
work_keys_str_mv	AT xiaojunma potentialcontributorstocommonmodeerrorinarraygpsdisplacementfieldsintaiwanisland AT binliu potentialcontributorstocommonmodeerrorinarraygpsdisplacementfieldsintaiwanisland AT wujiaodai potentialcontributorstocommonmodeerrorinarraygpsdisplacementfieldsintaiwanisland AT cuilinkuang potentialcontributorstocommonmodeerrorinarraygpsdisplacementfieldsintaiwanisland AT xueminxing potentialcontributorstocommonmodeerrorinarraygpsdisplacementfieldsintaiwanisland
_version_	1718431706870972416

Potential Contributors to Common Mode Error in Array GPS Displacement Fields in Taiwan Island

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