The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students

Short-term exposure to a forest environment is beneficial to human physiological and psychological health. However, there is little known about the relationship between the restorative perception of environment and physiological and psychological restoration achieved by experiencing the forest envir...

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Autores principales:	Qiaohui Liu, Xiaoping Wang, Jinglan Liu, Guolin Zhang, Congying An, Yuqi Liu, Xiaoli Fan, Yishen Hu, Heng Zhang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	restorative environment forest types forest therapy physiological restoration psychological impact human well-being Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ae0a83b432e4dbfb90292275d8dcd86
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ae0a83b432e4dbfb90292275d8dcd862021-11-25T17:52:11ZThe Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students10.3390/ijerph1822122241660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/6ae0a83b432e4dbfb90292275d8dcd862021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12224https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601Short-term exposure to a forest environment is beneficial to human physiological and psychological health. However, there is little known about the relationship between the restorative perception of environment and physiological and psychological restoration achieved by experiencing the forest environment. This study evaluated the relationship between the restorative perception of different types of forests and human physiological and psychological effects. A sample of 30 young adult students from Beijing Forestry University was exposed to coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests as well as an urban site. Restorative perception of the environment was measured using the PRS questionnaire. Restorative effects were measured using physiological indicators (blood pressure and heart rate) and three psychological questionnaires (Restorative Outcome Scale; Subjective Vitality Scale; Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale). The results demonstrated the following: (1) There were significant differences in the perceived restorative power of the three types of forests, with the highest level in the mixed forest, followed by the coniferous forest and the deciduous forest. (2) All types of forests were beneficial to physiological and psychological restoration. The mixed forest had the greatest effect in lowering blood pressure and heart rate as well as increasing vitality, while the coniferous forest had the strongest increases in psychological restoration and positive mental health. (3) The level of perceived restorative power of environment was positively related to the physiological and psychological restoration. These findings provide practical evidence for forest therapy that can maximize the restorative potential of forests.Qiaohui LiuXiaoping WangJinglan LiuGuolin ZhangCongying AnYuqi LiuXiaoli FanYishen HuHeng ZhangMDPI AGarticlerestorative environmentforest typesforest therapyphysiological restorationpsychological impacthuman well-beingMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12224, p 12224 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	restorative environment forest types forest therapy physiological restoration psychological impact human well-being Medicine R
spellingShingle	restorative environment forest types forest therapy physiological restoration psychological impact human well-being Medicine R Qiaohui Liu Xiaoping Wang Jinglan Liu Guolin Zhang Congying An Yuqi Liu Xiaoli Fan Yishen Hu Heng Zhang The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students
description	Short-term exposure to a forest environment is beneficial to human physiological and psychological health. However, there is little known about the relationship between the restorative perception of environment and physiological and psychological restoration achieved by experiencing the forest environment. This study evaluated the relationship between the restorative perception of different types of forests and human physiological and psychological effects. A sample of 30 young adult students from Beijing Forestry University was exposed to coniferous, deciduous, and mixed forests as well as an urban site. Restorative perception of the environment was measured using the PRS questionnaire. Restorative effects were measured using physiological indicators (blood pressure and heart rate) and three psychological questionnaires (Restorative Outcome Scale; Subjective Vitality Scale; Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale). The results demonstrated the following: (1) There were significant differences in the perceived restorative power of the three types of forests, with the highest level in the mixed forest, followed by the coniferous forest and the deciduous forest. (2) All types of forests were beneficial to physiological and psychological restoration. The mixed forest had the greatest effect in lowering blood pressure and heart rate as well as increasing vitality, while the coniferous forest had the strongest increases in psychological restoration and positive mental health. (3) The level of perceived restorative power of environment was positively related to the physiological and psychological restoration. These findings provide practical evidence for forest therapy that can maximize the restorative potential of forests.
format	article
author	Qiaohui Liu Xiaoping Wang Jinglan Liu Guolin Zhang Congying An Yuqi Liu Xiaoli Fan Yishen Hu Heng Zhang
author_facet	Qiaohui Liu Xiaoping Wang Jinglan Liu Guolin Zhang Congying An Yuqi Liu Xiaoli Fan Yishen Hu Heng Zhang
author_sort	Qiaohui Liu
title	The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students
title_short	The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students
title_full	The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students
title_fullStr	The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students
title_full_unstemmed	The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students
title_sort	relationship between the restorative perception of the environment and the physiological and psychological effects of different types of forests on university students
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ae0a83b432e4dbfb90292275d8dcd86
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The Relationship between the Restorative Perception of the Environment and the Physiological and Psychological Effects of Different Types of Forests on University Students

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