Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.

<h4>Background</h4>Recently, activation-dependant structural brain plasticity in humans has been demonstrated in adults after three months of training a visio-motor skill. Learning three-ball cascade juggling was associated with a transient and highly selective increase in brain gray mat...

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Autores principales:	Joenna Driemeyer, Janina Boyke, Christian Gaser, Christian Büchel, Arne May
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ae4e27f2a2e4380a6939a58106e1ef7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ae4e27f2a2e4380a6939a58106e1ef72021-11-25T06:11:31ZChanges in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0002669https://doaj.org/article/6ae4e27f2a2e4380a6939a58106e1ef72008-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/18648501/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Recently, activation-dependant structural brain plasticity in humans has been demonstrated in adults after three months of training a visio-motor skill. Learning three-ball cascade juggling was associated with a transient and highly selective increase in brain gray matter in the occipito-temporal cortex comprising the motion sensitive area hMT/V5 bilaterally. However, the exact time-scale of usage-dependant structural changes occur is still unknown. A better understanding of the temporal parameters may help to elucidate to what extent this type of cortical plasticity contributes to fast adapting cortical processes that may be relevant to learning.<h4>Principal findings</h4>Using a 3 Tesla scanner and monitoring whole brain structure we repeated and extended our original study in 20 healthy adult volunteers, focussing on the temporal aspects of the structural changes and investigated whether these changes are performance or exercise dependant. The data confirmed our earlier observation using a mean effects analysis and in addition showed that learning to juggle can alter gray matter in the occipito-temporal cortex as early as after 7 days of training. Neither performance nor exercise alone could explain these changes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We suggest that the qualitative change (i.e. learning of a new task) is more critical for the brain to change its structure than continued training of an already-learned task.Joenna DriemeyerJanina BoykeChristian GaserChristian BüchelArne MayPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 7, p e2669 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Joenna Driemeyer Janina Boyke Christian Gaser Christian Büchel Arne May Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Recently, activation-dependant structural brain plasticity in humans has been demonstrated in adults after three months of training a visio-motor skill. Learning three-ball cascade juggling was associated with a transient and highly selective increase in brain gray matter in the occipito-temporal cortex comprising the motion sensitive area hMT/V5 bilaterally. However, the exact time-scale of usage-dependant structural changes occur is still unknown. A better understanding of the temporal parameters may help to elucidate to what extent this type of cortical plasticity contributes to fast adapting cortical processes that may be relevant to learning.<h4>Principal findings</h4>Using a 3 Tesla scanner and monitoring whole brain structure we repeated and extended our original study in 20 healthy adult volunteers, focussing on the temporal aspects of the structural changes and investigated whether these changes are performance or exercise dependant. The data confirmed our earlier observation using a mean effects analysis and in addition showed that learning to juggle can alter gray matter in the occipito-temporal cortex as early as after 7 days of training. Neither performance nor exercise alone could explain these changes.<h4>Conclusion</h4>We suggest that the qualitative change (i.e. learning of a new task) is more critical for the brain to change its structure than continued training of an already-learned task.
format	article
author	Joenna Driemeyer Janina Boyke Christian Gaser Christian Büchel Arne May
author_facet	Joenna Driemeyer Janina Boyke Christian Gaser Christian Büchel Arne May
author_sort	Joenna Driemeyer
title	Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
title_short	Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
title_full	Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
title_fullStr	Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
title_sort	changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ae4e27f2a2e4380a6939a58106e1ef7
work_keys_str_mv	AT joennadriemeyer changesingraymatterinducedbylearningrevisited AT janinaboyke changesingraymatterinducedbylearningrevisited AT christiangaser changesingraymatterinducedbylearningrevisited AT christianbuchel changesingraymatterinducedbylearningrevisited AT arnemay changesingraymatterinducedbylearningrevisited
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Changes in gray matter induced by learning--revisited.

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