The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment
Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern. Chemical coagulants are used in water treatment to remove contaminants from the water column and could potentially be used in lakes and reservoirs. The aims of this study was to: 1) assess the efficiency of ferric sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<...
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MDPI AG
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:6b0569375e8e47b0911246e3b01db4c62021-11-25T19:08:34ZThe Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment10.3390/toxins131107532072-6651https://doaj.org/article/6b0569375e8e47b0911246e3b01db4c62021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/11/753https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6651Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern. Chemical coagulants are used in water treatment to remove contaminants from the water column and could potentially be used in lakes and reservoirs. The aims of this study was to: 1) assess the efficiency of ferric sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) coagulant in removing harmful cyanobacterial cells from lake water with cyanobacterial blooms on a short time scale, 2) determine whether some species of cyanobacteria can be selectively removed, and 3) determine the differential impact of coagulants on intra- and extra-cellular toxins. Our main results are: <i>(i)</i> more than 96% and 51% of total cyanobacterial cells were removed in mesocosms with applied doses of 35 mgFe/L and 20 mgFe/L, respectively. Significant differences in removing total cyanobacterial cells and several dominant cyanobacteria species were observed between the two applied doses; <i>(ii)</i> twelve microcystins, anatotoxin-a (ANA-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anabaenopeptin A (APA) and anabaenopeptin B (APB) were identified. Ferric sulfate effectively removed the total intracellular microcystins (greater than 97% for both applied doses). Significant removal of extracellular toxins was not observed after coagulation with both doses. Indeed, the occasional increase in extracellular toxin concentration may be related to cells lysis during the coagulation process. No significant differential impact of dosages on intra- and extra-cellular toxin removal was observed which could be relevant to source water applications where optimal dosing is difficult to achieve.Kim Thien Nguyen LeEyerusalem GoitomHana TriguiSébastien SauvéMichèle PrévostSarah DornerMDPI AGarticlecoagulationcyanobacteriacyanobacterial bloomscyanotoxinsferric sulfatemesocosmsMedicineRENToxins, Vol 13, Iss 753, p 753 (2021) |
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DOAJ |
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coagulation cyanobacteria cyanobacterial blooms cyanotoxins ferric sulfate mesocosms Medicine R |
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coagulation cyanobacteria cyanobacterial blooms cyanotoxins ferric sulfate mesocosms Medicine R Kim Thien Nguyen Le Eyerusalem Goitom Hana Trigui Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost Sarah Dorner The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment |
| description |
Cyanobacterial blooms are a global concern. Chemical coagulants are used in water treatment to remove contaminants from the water column and could potentially be used in lakes and reservoirs. The aims of this study was to: 1) assess the efficiency of ferric sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) coagulant in removing harmful cyanobacterial cells from lake water with cyanobacterial blooms on a short time scale, 2) determine whether some species of cyanobacteria can be selectively removed, and 3) determine the differential impact of coagulants on intra- and extra-cellular toxins. Our main results are: <i>(i)</i> more than 96% and 51% of total cyanobacterial cells were removed in mesocosms with applied doses of 35 mgFe/L and 20 mgFe/L, respectively. Significant differences in removing total cyanobacterial cells and several dominant cyanobacteria species were observed between the two applied doses; <i>(ii)</i> twelve microcystins, anatotoxin-a (ANA-a), cylindrospermopsin (CYN), anabaenopeptin A (APA) and anabaenopeptin B (APB) were identified. Ferric sulfate effectively removed the total intracellular microcystins (greater than 97% for both applied doses). Significant removal of extracellular toxins was not observed after coagulation with both doses. Indeed, the occasional increase in extracellular toxin concentration may be related to cells lysis during the coagulation process. No significant differential impact of dosages on intra- and extra-cellular toxin removal was observed which could be relevant to source water applications where optimal dosing is difficult to achieve. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Kim Thien Nguyen Le Eyerusalem Goitom Hana Trigui Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost Sarah Dorner |
| author_facet |
Kim Thien Nguyen Le Eyerusalem Goitom Hana Trigui Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost Sarah Dorner |
| author_sort |
Kim Thien Nguyen Le |
| title |
The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment |
| title_short |
The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment |
| title_full |
The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment |
| title_fullStr |
The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The Effects of Ferric Sulfate (Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the Removal of Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins: A Mesocosm Experiment |
| title_sort |
effects of ferric sulfate (fe<sub>2</sub>(so<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) on the removal of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins: a mesocosm experiment |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/6b0569375e8e47b0911246e3b01db4c6 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
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| _version_ |
1718410221201653760 |