Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>
Increasing evidence indicates that water activated by plasma discharge, termed as plasma-activated water (PAW), can promote plant growth and enhance plant defence responses. Nevertheless, the signalling pathways activated in plants in response to PAW are still largely unknown. In this work, we analy...
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2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:6b070c2831844f40a0493ac0ff9b17292021-11-25T18:47:16ZPlasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>10.3390/plants101125162223-7747https://doaj.org/article/6b070c2831844f40a0493ac0ff9b17292021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2516https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Increasing evidence indicates that water activated by plasma discharge, termed as plasma-activated water (PAW), can promote plant growth and enhance plant defence responses. Nevertheless, the signalling pathways activated in plants in response to PAW are still largely unknown. In this work, we analysed the potential involvement of calcium as an intracellular messenger in the transduction of PAW by plants. To this aim, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Arabidopsis) seedlings stably expressing the bioluminescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> reporter aequorin in the cytosol were challenged with PAW generated by a plasma torch. Ca<sup>2+</sup> measurement assays demonstrated the induction by PAW of rapid and sustained cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> elevations in Arabidopsis seedlings. The dynamics of the recorded Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals were found to depend upon different parameters, such as the operational conditions of the torch, PAW storage, and dilution. The separate administration of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide at the same doses as those measured in the PAW did not trigger any detectable Ca<sup>2+</sup> changes, suggesting that the unique mixture of different reactive chemical species contained in the PAW is responsible for the specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> signatures. Unveiling the signalling mechanisms underlying plant perception of PAW may allow to finely tune its generation for applications in agriculture, with potential advantages in the perspective of a more sustainable agriculture.Enrico CorteseAlessio G. SettimiSilvia PettenuzzoLuca CappellinAlessandro GalendaAlessia FamengoManuele DabalàVanni AntoniLorella NavazioMDPI AGarticleaequorin<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>calcium signallingcytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> changesplasma-activated waterplasma torchBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2516, p 2516 (2021) |
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aequorin <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> calcium signalling cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> changes plasma-activated water plasma torch Botany QK1-989 |
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aequorin <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> calcium signalling cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> changes plasma-activated water plasma torch Botany QK1-989 Enrico Cortese Alessio G. Settimi Silvia Pettenuzzo Luca Cappellin Alessandro Galenda Alessia Famengo Manuele Dabalà Vanni Antoni Lorella Navazio Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| description |
Increasing evidence indicates that water activated by plasma discharge, termed as plasma-activated water (PAW), can promote plant growth and enhance plant defence responses. Nevertheless, the signalling pathways activated in plants in response to PAW are still largely unknown. In this work, we analysed the potential involvement of calcium as an intracellular messenger in the transduction of PAW by plants. To this aim, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (Arabidopsis) seedlings stably expressing the bioluminescent Ca<sup>2+</sup> reporter aequorin in the cytosol were challenged with PAW generated by a plasma torch. Ca<sup>2+</sup> measurement assays demonstrated the induction by PAW of rapid and sustained cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> elevations in Arabidopsis seedlings. The dynamics of the recorded Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals were found to depend upon different parameters, such as the operational conditions of the torch, PAW storage, and dilution. The separate administration of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide at the same doses as those measured in the PAW did not trigger any detectable Ca<sup>2+</sup> changes, suggesting that the unique mixture of different reactive chemical species contained in the PAW is responsible for the specific Ca<sup>2+</sup> signatures. Unveiling the signalling mechanisms underlying plant perception of PAW may allow to finely tune its generation for applications in agriculture, with potential advantages in the perspective of a more sustainable agriculture. |
| format |
article |
| author |
Enrico Cortese Alessio G. Settimi Silvia Pettenuzzo Luca Cappellin Alessandro Galenda Alessia Famengo Manuele Dabalà Vanni Antoni Lorella Navazio |
| author_facet |
Enrico Cortese Alessio G. Settimi Silvia Pettenuzzo Luca Cappellin Alessandro Galenda Alessia Famengo Manuele Dabalà Vanni Antoni Lorella Navazio |
| author_sort |
Enrico Cortese |
| title |
Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_short |
Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_full |
Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_fullStr |
Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Plasma-Activated Water Triggers Rapid and Sustained Cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Elevations in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| title_sort |
plasma-activated water triggers rapid and sustained cytosolic ca<sup>2+</sup> elevations in <i>arabidopsis thaliana</i> |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| url |
https://doaj.org/article/6b070c2831844f40a0493ac0ff9b1729 |
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