Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant

In standard district cooling (DC) plants, central chillers produce cold energy for space cooling throughout the district network. In recent times, the integration of the vapor compression system, which includes the functionalities of vapor compression chillers (VCC), and thermal energy storage (TES)...

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Autores principales:	Chima Cyril Hampo, Hamdan Haji Ya, Mohd Amin Abd Majid, Ainul Akmar Mokhtar, Ambagaha Hewage Dona Kalpani Rasangika, Musa Muhammed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	life cycle assessment district cooling vapor compression system thermal energy storage electric water cooled chiller carbon footprint Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6b6368494be449d7bc496c02466de2e8
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:6b6368494be449d7bc496c02466de2e8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6b6368494be449d7bc496c02466de2e82021-11-11T19:37:14ZLife Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant10.3390/su1321119402071-1050https://doaj.org/article/6b6368494be449d7bc496c02466de2e82021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/21/11940https://doaj.org/toc/2071-1050In standard district cooling (DC) plants, central chillers produce cold energy for space cooling throughout the district network. In recent times, the integration of the vapor compression system, which includes the functionalities of vapor compression chillers (VCC), and thermal energy storage (TES) tanks in the DC setup, has gained more implementation across the globe. This is due to the possibility of load shifting by using the VCC to produce chilled water for charging the TES tanks during off peak periods. Since the environmental implications of various energy intensive systems are largely determined by the amount of material and energy consumed throughout their life cycle, it is critical to conduct a sustainability assessment of these systems in terms of environmental contributions, and suggest design options to reduce these impacts. A cradle to grave life cycle assessment (LCA) model is created in response to these issues and in order to meet the project’s objectives. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results of the analysis reveal that the carbon footprint per 1 RTh of the produced chilled water is estimated at 0.72 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/RTh. The operation phase of the system’s life cycle accounted for the most impact, about 98%, with other life cycle phases having negligible contributions. In substantiating the study’s investigation, the environmental performance based on several design options were discussed and compared to the case study. Among the several scenarios considered, incorporating the Sweden mix technology provided the case study with the most significant environmental savings, of about 94%.Chima Cyril HampoHamdan Haji YaMohd Amin Abd MajidAinul Akmar MokhtarAmbagaha Hewage Dona Kalpani RasangikaMusa MuhammedMDPI AGarticlelife cycle assessmentdistrict coolingvapor compression systemthermal energy storageelectric water cooled chillercarbon footprintEnvironmental effects of industries and plantsTD194-195Renewable energy sourcesTJ807-830Environmental sciencesGE1-350ENSustainability, Vol 13, Iss 11940, p 11940 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	life cycle assessment district cooling vapor compression system thermal energy storage electric water cooled chiller carbon footprint Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350
spellingShingle	life cycle assessment district cooling vapor compression system thermal energy storage electric water cooled chiller carbon footprint Environmental effects of industries and plants TD194-195 Renewable energy sources TJ807-830 Environmental sciences GE1-350 Chima Cyril Hampo Hamdan Haji Ya Mohd Amin Abd Majid Ainul Akmar Mokhtar Ambagaha Hewage Dona Kalpani Rasangika Musa Muhammed Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant
description	In standard district cooling (DC) plants, central chillers produce cold energy for space cooling throughout the district network. In recent times, the integration of the vapor compression system, which includes the functionalities of vapor compression chillers (VCC), and thermal energy storage (TES) tanks in the DC setup, has gained more implementation across the globe. This is due to the possibility of load shifting by using the VCC to produce chilled water for charging the TES tanks during off peak periods. Since the environmental implications of various energy intensive systems are largely determined by the amount of material and energy consumed throughout their life cycle, it is critical to conduct a sustainability assessment of these systems in terms of environmental contributions, and suggest design options to reduce these impacts. A cradle to grave life cycle assessment (LCA) model is created in response to these issues and in order to meet the project’s objectives. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results of the analysis reveal that the carbon footprint per 1 RTh of the produced chilled water is estimated at 0.72 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/RTh. The operation phase of the system’s life cycle accounted for the most impact, about 98%, with other life cycle phases having negligible contributions. In substantiating the study’s investigation, the environmental performance based on several design options were discussed and compared to the case study. Among the several scenarios considered, incorporating the Sweden mix technology provided the case study with the most significant environmental savings, of about 94%.
format	article
author	Chima Cyril Hampo Hamdan Haji Ya Mohd Amin Abd Majid Ainul Akmar Mokhtar Ambagaha Hewage Dona Kalpani Rasangika Musa Muhammed
author_facet	Chima Cyril Hampo Hamdan Haji Ya Mohd Amin Abd Majid Ainul Akmar Mokhtar Ambagaha Hewage Dona Kalpani Rasangika Musa Muhammed
author_sort	Chima Cyril Hampo
title	Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant
title_short	Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant
title_full	Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant
title_fullStr	Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant
title_full_unstemmed	Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant
title_sort	life cycle assessment of a vapor compression cooling system integrated within a district cooling plant
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6b6368494be449d7bc496c02466de2e8
work_keys_str_mv	AT chimacyrilhampo lifecycleassessmentofavaporcompressioncoolingsystemintegratedwithinadistrictcoolingplant AT hamdanhajiya lifecycleassessmentofavaporcompressioncoolingsystemintegratedwithinadistrictcoolingplant AT mohdaminabdmajid lifecycleassessmentofavaporcompressioncoolingsystemintegratedwithinadistrictcoolingplant AT ainulakmarmokhtar lifecycleassessmentofavaporcompressioncoolingsystemintegratedwithinadistrictcoolingplant AT ambagahahewagedonakalpanirasangika lifecycleassessmentofavaporcompressioncoolingsystemintegratedwithinadistrictcoolingplant AT musamuhammed lifecycleassessmentofavaporcompressioncoolingsystemintegratedwithinadistrictcoolingplant
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Life Cycle Assessment of a Vapor Compression Cooling System Integrated within a District Cooling Plant

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