The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development

The fluctuating climatic conditions of the Saharo-Arabian deserts are increasingly linked to human evolutionary events and societal developments. On orbital timescales, the African and Indian Summer Monsoons were displaced northward and increased precipitation to the Arabian Peninsula which led to f...

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Autores principales:	Samuel Luke Nicholson, Matthew J. Jacobson, Rob Hosfield, Dominik Fleitmann
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Arabia monsoon dispersal Homo sapiens stalagmite isotope Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6b890c07ae084e0f8b76870ff19ab4ce
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6b890c07ae084e0f8b76870ff19ab4ce2021-12-01T18:52:51ZThe Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development2296-646310.3389/feart.2021.749488https://doaj.org/article/6b890c07ae084e0f8b76870ff19ab4ce2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2021.749488/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-6463The fluctuating climatic conditions of the Saharo-Arabian deserts are increasingly linked to human evolutionary events and societal developments. On orbital timescales, the African and Indian Summer Monsoons were displaced northward and increased precipitation to the Arabian Peninsula which led to favorable periods for human occupation in the now arid interior. At least four periods of climatic optima occurred within the last 130,000 years, related to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (128–121 ka BP), 5c (104–97 ka BP), 5a (81–74 ka BP) and 1 (10.5–6.2 ka BP), and potentially early MIS 3 (60–50 ka BP). Stalagmites from Southern Arabia have been key to understanding climatic fluctuations and human-environmental interactions; their precise and high-resolution chronologies can be linked to evidence for changes in human distribution and climate/environment induced societal developments. Here, we review the most recent advances in the Southern Arabian Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene stalagmite records. We compare and contrast MIS 5e and Early Holocene climates to understand how these differed, benchmark the extremes of climatic variability and summarize the impacts on human societal development. We suggest that, while the extreme of MIS 5e was important for H. sapeins dispersal, subsequent, less intense, wet phases mitigate against a simplistic narrative. We highlight that while climate can be a limiting and important factor, there is also the potential of human adaptability and resilience. Further studies will be needed to understand spatio-temporal difference in human-environment interactions in a climatically variable region.Samuel Luke NicholsonMatthew J. JacobsonRob HosfieldDominik FleitmannFrontiers Media S.A.articleArabiamonsoondispersalHomo sapiensstalagmiteisotopeScienceQENFrontiers in Earth Science, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arabia monsoon dispersal Homo sapiens stalagmite isotope Science Q
spellingShingle	Arabia monsoon dispersal Homo sapiens stalagmite isotope Science Q Samuel Luke Nicholson Matthew J. Jacobson Rob Hosfield Dominik Fleitmann The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
description	The fluctuating climatic conditions of the Saharo-Arabian deserts are increasingly linked to human evolutionary events and societal developments. On orbital timescales, the African and Indian Summer Monsoons were displaced northward and increased precipitation to the Arabian Peninsula which led to favorable periods for human occupation in the now arid interior. At least four periods of climatic optima occurred within the last 130,000 years, related to Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 5e (128–121 ka BP), 5c (104–97 ka BP), 5a (81–74 ka BP) and 1 (10.5–6.2 ka BP), and potentially early MIS 3 (60–50 ka BP). Stalagmites from Southern Arabia have been key to understanding climatic fluctuations and human-environmental interactions; their precise and high-resolution chronologies can be linked to evidence for changes in human distribution and climate/environment induced societal developments. Here, we review the most recent advances in the Southern Arabian Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene stalagmite records. We compare and contrast MIS 5e and Early Holocene climates to understand how these differed, benchmark the extremes of climatic variability and summarize the impacts on human societal development. We suggest that, while the extreme of MIS 5e was important for H. sapeins dispersal, subsequent, less intense, wet phases mitigate against a simplistic narrative. We highlight that while climate can be a limiting and important factor, there is also the potential of human adaptability and resilience. Further studies will be needed to understand spatio-temporal difference in human-environment interactions in a climatically variable region.
format	article
author	Samuel Luke Nicholson Matthew J. Jacobson Rob Hosfield Dominik Fleitmann
author_facet	Samuel Luke Nicholson Matthew J. Jacobson Rob Hosfield Dominik Fleitmann
author_sort	Samuel Luke Nicholson
title	The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
title_short	The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
title_full	The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
title_fullStr	The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
title_full_unstemmed	The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development
title_sort	stalagmite record of southern arabia: climatic extremes, human evolution and societal development
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6b890c07ae084e0f8b76870ff19ab4ce
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The Stalagmite Record of Southern Arabia: Climatic Extremes, Human Evolution and Societal Development

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