Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares

Abstract Optical observations of transient luminous events and remote-sensing of the lower ionosphere with low-frequency radio waves have demonstrated that thunderstorms and lightning can have substantial impacts in the nighttime ionospheric D region. However, it remains a challenge to quantify such...

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Autores principales:	Caitano L. da Silva, Sophia D. Salazar, Christiano G. M. Brum, Pedrina Terra
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6b8c5576dda0403f8ed80e49ea235e65
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6b8c5576dda0403f8ed80e49ea235e652021-12-02T16:50:27ZSurvey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares10.1038/s41598-021-89662-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6b8c5576dda0403f8ed80e49ea235e652021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89662-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Optical observations of transient luminous events and remote-sensing of the lower ionosphere with low-frequency radio waves have demonstrated that thunderstorms and lightning can have substantial impacts in the nighttime ionospheric D region. However, it remains a challenge to quantify such effects in the daytime lower ionosphere. The wealth of electron density data acquired over the years by the Arecibo Observatory incoherent scatter radar (ISR) with high vertical spatial resolution (300-m in the present study), combined with its tropical location in a region of high lightning activity, indicate a potentially transformative pathway to address this issue. Through a systematic survey, we show that daytime sudden electron density changes registered by Arecibo’s ISR during thunderstorm times are on average different than the ones happening during fair weather conditions (driven by other external factors). These changes typically correspond to electron density depletions in the D and E region. The survey also shows that these disturbances are different than the ones associated with solar flares, which tend to have longer duration and most often correspond to an increase in the local electron density content.Caitano L. da SilvaSophia D. SalazarChristiano G. M. BrumPedrina TerraNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Caitano L. da Silva Sophia D. Salazar Christiano G. M. Brum Pedrina Terra Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
description	Abstract Optical observations of transient luminous events and remote-sensing of the lower ionosphere with low-frequency radio waves have demonstrated that thunderstorms and lightning can have substantial impacts in the nighttime ionospheric D region. However, it remains a challenge to quantify such effects in the daytime lower ionosphere. The wealth of electron density data acquired over the years by the Arecibo Observatory incoherent scatter radar (ISR) with high vertical spatial resolution (300-m in the present study), combined with its tropical location in a region of high lightning activity, indicate a potentially transformative pathway to address this issue. Through a systematic survey, we show that daytime sudden electron density changes registered by Arecibo’s ISR during thunderstorm times are on average different than the ones happening during fair weather conditions (driven by other external factors). These changes typically correspond to electron density depletions in the D and E region. The survey also shows that these disturbances are different than the ones associated with solar flares, which tend to have longer duration and most often correspond to an increase in the local electron density content.
format	article
author	Caitano L. da Silva Sophia D. Salazar Christiano G. M. Brum Pedrina Terra
author_facet	Caitano L. da Silva Sophia D. Salazar Christiano G. M. Brum Pedrina Terra
author_sort	Caitano L. da Silva
title	Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
title_short	Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
title_full	Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
title_fullStr	Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
title_full_unstemmed	Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
title_sort	survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6b8c5576dda0403f8ed80e49ea235e65
work_keys_str_mv	AT caitanoldasilva surveyofelectrondensitychangesinthedaytimeionosphereovertheareciboobservatoryduetolightningandsolarflares AT sophiadsalazar surveyofelectrondensitychangesinthedaytimeionosphereovertheareciboobservatoryduetolightningandsolarflares AT christianogmbrum surveyofelectrondensitychangesinthedaytimeionosphereovertheareciboobservatoryduetolightningandsolarflares AT pedrinaterra surveyofelectrondensitychangesinthedaytimeionosphereovertheareciboobservatoryduetolightningandsolarflares
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Survey of electron density changes in the daytime ionosphere over the Arecibo observatory due to lightning and solar flares

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