Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle

The hair bundle is the mechanosensory organelle of hair cells that detects mechanical stimuli caused by sounds, head motions, and fluid flows. Each hair bundle is an assembly of cellular-protrusions called stereocilia, which differ in height to form a staircase. Stereocilia have different heights, w...

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Autores principales:	Katharine K. Miller, Patrick Atkinson, Kyssia Ruth Mendoza, Dáibhid Ó Maoiléidigh, Nicolas Grillet
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	stereocilia hair cell mechanotransduction hair bundle mouse deafness Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6b9c0467c9d248ffa8fe39a7109d45be
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:6b9c0467c9d248ffa8fe39a7109d45be
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6b9c0467c9d248ffa8fe39a7109d45be2021-12-01T03:33:25ZDimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle2296-634X10.3389/fcell.2021.742529https://doaj.org/article/6b9c0467c9d248ffa8fe39a7109d45be2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.742529/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-634XThe hair bundle is the mechanosensory organelle of hair cells that detects mechanical stimuli caused by sounds, head motions, and fluid flows. Each hair bundle is an assembly of cellular-protrusions called stereocilia, which differ in height to form a staircase. Stereocilia have different heights, widths, and separations in different species, sensory organs, positions within an organ, hair-cell types, and even within a single hair bundle. The dimensions of the stereociliary assembly dictate how the hair bundle responds to stimuli. These hair-bundle properties have been measured previously only to a limited degree. In particular, mammalian data are either incomplete, lack control for age or position within an organ, or have artifacts owing to fixation or dehydration. Here, we provide a complete set of measurements for postnatal day (P) 11 C57BL/6J mouse apical inner hair cells (IHCs) obtained from living tissue, tissue mildly-fixed for fluorescent imaging, or tissue strongly fixed and dehydrated for scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). We found that hair bundles mildly-fixed for fluorescence had the same dimensions as living hair bundles, whereas SEM-prepared hair bundles shrank uniformly in stereociliary heights, widths, and separations. By determining the shrinkage factors, we imputed live dimensions from SEM that were too small to observe optically. Accordingly, we created the first complete blueprint of a living IHC hair bundle. We show that SEM-prepared measurements strongly affect calculations of a bundle’s mechanical properties – overestimating stereociliary deflection stiffness and underestimating the fluid coupling between stereocilia. The methods of measurement, the data, and the consequences we describe illustrate the high levels of accuracy and precision required to understand hair-bundle mechanotransduction.Katharine K. MillerPatrick AtkinsonKyssia Ruth MendozaDáibhid Ó MaoiléidighNicolas GrilletFrontiers Media S.A.articlestereociliahair cellmechanotransductionhair bundlemousedeafnessBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENFrontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	stereocilia hair cell mechanotransduction hair bundle mouse deafness Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	stereocilia hair cell mechanotransduction hair bundle mouse deafness Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Katharine K. Miller Patrick Atkinson Kyssia Ruth Mendoza Dáibhid Ó Maoiléidigh Nicolas Grillet Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle
description	The hair bundle is the mechanosensory organelle of hair cells that detects mechanical stimuli caused by sounds, head motions, and fluid flows. Each hair bundle is an assembly of cellular-protrusions called stereocilia, which differ in height to form a staircase. Stereocilia have different heights, widths, and separations in different species, sensory organs, positions within an organ, hair-cell types, and even within a single hair bundle. The dimensions of the stereociliary assembly dictate how the hair bundle responds to stimuli. These hair-bundle properties have been measured previously only to a limited degree. In particular, mammalian data are either incomplete, lack control for age or position within an organ, or have artifacts owing to fixation or dehydration. Here, we provide a complete set of measurements for postnatal day (P) 11 C57BL/6J mouse apical inner hair cells (IHCs) obtained from living tissue, tissue mildly-fixed for fluorescent imaging, or tissue strongly fixed and dehydrated for scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). We found that hair bundles mildly-fixed for fluorescence had the same dimensions as living hair bundles, whereas SEM-prepared hair bundles shrank uniformly in stereociliary heights, widths, and separations. By determining the shrinkage factors, we imputed live dimensions from SEM that were too small to observe optically. Accordingly, we created the first complete blueprint of a living IHC hair bundle. We show that SEM-prepared measurements strongly affect calculations of a bundle’s mechanical properties – overestimating stereociliary deflection stiffness and underestimating the fluid coupling between stereocilia. The methods of measurement, the data, and the consequences we describe illustrate the high levels of accuracy and precision required to understand hair-bundle mechanotransduction.
format	article
author	Katharine K. Miller Patrick Atkinson Kyssia Ruth Mendoza Dáibhid Ó Maoiléidigh Nicolas Grillet
author_facet	Katharine K. Miller Patrick Atkinson Kyssia Ruth Mendoza Dáibhid Ó Maoiléidigh Nicolas Grillet
author_sort	Katharine K. Miller
title	Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle
title_short	Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle
title_full	Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle
title_fullStr	Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle
title_full_unstemmed	Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle
title_sort	dimensions of a living cochlear hair bundle
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6b9c0467c9d248ffa8fe39a7109d45be
work_keys_str_mv	AT katharinekmiller dimensionsofalivingcochlearhairbundle AT patrickatkinson dimensionsofalivingcochlearhairbundle AT kyssiaruthmendoza dimensionsofalivingcochlearhairbundle AT daibhidomaoileidigh dimensionsofalivingcochlearhairbundle AT nicolasgrillet dimensionsofalivingcochlearhairbundle
_version_	1718405907731185664

Dimensions of a Living Cochlear Hair Bundle

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