Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.

For more than a century, the origin of metazoan animals has been debated. One aspect of this debate has been centered on what the hypothetical "urmetazoon" bauplan might have been. The morphologically most simply organized metazoan animal, the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, resembles an i...

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Autores principales:	Bernd Schierwater, Michael Eitel, Wolfgang Jakob, Hans-Jürgen Osigus, Heike Hadrys, Stephen L Dellaporta, Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis, Rob Desalle
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2009
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6ba273ef0b764776bdee87a6ef379e83
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6ba273ef0b764776bdee87a6ef379e832021-11-25T05:33:49ZConcatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1000020https://doaj.org/article/6ba273ef0b764776bdee87a6ef379e832009-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19175291/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885For more than a century, the origin of metazoan animals has been debated. One aspect of this debate has been centered on what the hypothetical "urmetazoon" bauplan might have been. The morphologically most simply organized metazoan animal, the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, resembles an intriguing model for one of several "urmetazoon" hypotheses: the placula hypothesis. Clear support for a basal position of Placozoa would aid in resolving several key issues of metazoan-specific inventions (including, for example, head-foot axis, symmetry, and coelom) and would determine a root for unraveling their evolution. Unfortunately, the phylogenetic relationships at the base of Metazoa have been controversial because of conflicting phylogenetic scenarios generated while addressing the question. Here, we analyze the sum of morphological evidence, the secondary structure of mitochondrial ribosomal genes, and molecular sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes that amass over 9,400 phylogenetically informative characters from 24 to 73 taxa. Together with mitochondrial DNA genome structure and sequence analyses and Hox-like gene expression patterns, these data (1) provide evidence that Placozoa are basal relative to all other diploblast phyla and (2) spark a modernized "urmetazoon" hypothesis.Bernd SchierwaterMichael EitelWolfgang JakobHans-Jürgen OsigusHeike HadrysStephen L DellaportaSergios-Orestis KolokotronisRob DesallePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 7, Iss 1, p e20 (2009)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Bernd Schierwater Michael Eitel Wolfgang Jakob Hans-Jürgen Osigus Heike Hadrys Stephen L Dellaporta Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Rob Desalle Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
description	For more than a century, the origin of metazoan animals has been debated. One aspect of this debate has been centered on what the hypothetical "urmetazoon" bauplan might have been. The morphologically most simply organized metazoan animal, the placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens, resembles an intriguing model for one of several "urmetazoon" hypotheses: the placula hypothesis. Clear support for a basal position of Placozoa would aid in resolving several key issues of metazoan-specific inventions (including, for example, head-foot axis, symmetry, and coelom) and would determine a root for unraveling their evolution. Unfortunately, the phylogenetic relationships at the base of Metazoa have been controversial because of conflicting phylogenetic scenarios generated while addressing the question. Here, we analyze the sum of morphological evidence, the secondary structure of mitochondrial ribosomal genes, and molecular sequence data from mitochondrial and nuclear genes that amass over 9,400 phylogenetically informative characters from 24 to 73 taxa. Together with mitochondrial DNA genome structure and sequence analyses and Hox-like gene expression patterns, these data (1) provide evidence that Placozoa are basal relative to all other diploblast phyla and (2) spark a modernized "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
format	article
author	Bernd Schierwater Michael Eitel Wolfgang Jakob Hans-Jürgen Osigus Heike Hadrys Stephen L Dellaporta Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Rob Desalle
author_facet	Bernd Schierwater Michael Eitel Wolfgang Jakob Hans-Jürgen Osigus Heike Hadrys Stephen L Dellaporta Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Rob Desalle
author_sort	Bernd Schierwater
title	Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
title_short	Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
title_full	Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
title_fullStr	Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
title_full_unstemmed	Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
title_sort	concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2009
url	https://doaj.org/article/6ba273ef0b764776bdee87a6ef379e83
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Concatenated analysis sheds light on early metazoan evolution and fuels a modern "urmetazoon" hypothesis.

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