The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.

<h4>Background</h4>The global spread of HIV-1 has been accompanied by the emergence of genetically distinct viral strains. Over the past two decades subtype C viruses, which predominate in Southern and Eastern Africa, have spread rapidly throughout parts of South America. Phylogenetic st...

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Autores principales:	Tulio de Oliveira, Deenan Pillay, Robert J Gifford, UK Collaborative Group on HIV Drug Resistance
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6baadf42e1974974887eb798d7f270d9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6baadf42e1974974887eb798d7f270d92021-11-25T06:25:40ZThe HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0009311https://doaj.org/article/6baadf42e1974974887eb798d7f270d92010-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20174561/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>The global spread of HIV-1 has been accompanied by the emergence of genetically distinct viral strains. Over the past two decades subtype C viruses, which predominate in Southern and Eastern Africa, have spread rapidly throughout parts of South America. Phylogenetic studies indicate that subtype C viruses were introduced to South America through a single founder event that occurred in Southern Brazil. However, the external route via which subtype C viruses spread to the South American continent has remained unclear.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We used automated genotyping to screen 8,309 HIV-1 subtype C pol gene sequences sampled within the UK for isolates genetically linked to the subtype C epidemic in South America. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to explore the phylogenetic relationships between 54 sequences identified in this screen, and a set of globally sampled subtype C reference sequences. Phylogenetic trees disclosed a robustly supported relationship between sequences from Brazil, the UK and East Africa. A monophyletic cluster comprised exclusively of sequences from the UK and Brazil was identified and dated to approximately the early 1980s using a Bayesian coalescent-based method. A sub-cluster of 27 sequences isolated from homosexual men of UK origin was also identified and dated to the early 1990s.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Phylogenetic, demographic and temporal data support the conclusion that the UK was a crucial staging post in the spread of subtype C from East Africa to South America. This unexpected finding demonstrates the role of diffuse international networks in the global spread of HIV-1 infection, and the utility of globally sampled viral sequence data in revealing these networks. Additionally, we show that subtype C viruses are spreading within the UK amongst men who have sex with men.Tulio de OliveiraDeenan PillayRobert J GiffordUK Collaborative Group on HIV Drug ResistancePublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 5, Iss 2, p e9311 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tulio de Oliveira Deenan Pillay Robert J Gifford UK Collaborative Group on HIV Drug Resistance The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The global spread of HIV-1 has been accompanied by the emergence of genetically distinct viral strains. Over the past two decades subtype C viruses, which predominate in Southern and Eastern Africa, have spread rapidly throughout parts of South America. Phylogenetic studies indicate that subtype C viruses were introduced to South America through a single founder event that occurred in Southern Brazil. However, the external route via which subtype C viruses spread to the South American continent has remained unclear.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>We used automated genotyping to screen 8,309 HIV-1 subtype C pol gene sequences sampled within the UK for isolates genetically linked to the subtype C epidemic in South America. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches were used to explore the phylogenetic relationships between 54 sequences identified in this screen, and a set of globally sampled subtype C reference sequences. Phylogenetic trees disclosed a robustly supported relationship between sequences from Brazil, the UK and East Africa. A monophyletic cluster comprised exclusively of sequences from the UK and Brazil was identified and dated to approximately the early 1980s using a Bayesian coalescent-based method. A sub-cluster of 27 sequences isolated from homosexual men of UK origin was also identified and dated to the early 1990s.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Phylogenetic, demographic and temporal data support the conclusion that the UK was a crucial staging post in the spread of subtype C from East Africa to South America. This unexpected finding demonstrates the role of diffuse international networks in the global spread of HIV-1 infection, and the utility of globally sampled viral sequence data in revealing these networks. Additionally, we show that subtype C viruses are spreading within the UK amongst men who have sex with men.
format	article
author	Tulio de Oliveira Deenan Pillay Robert J Gifford UK Collaborative Group on HIV Drug Resistance
author_facet	Tulio de Oliveira Deenan Pillay Robert J Gifford UK Collaborative Group on HIV Drug Resistance
author_sort	Tulio de Oliveira
title	The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.
title_short	The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.
title_full	The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.
title_fullStr	The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.
title_full_unstemmed	The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.
title_sort	hiv-1 subtype c epidemic in south america is linked to the united kingdom.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/6baadf42e1974974887eb798d7f270d9
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The HIV-1 subtype C epidemic in South America is linked to the United Kingdom.

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