Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.

To effectively balance investment in predator defenses versus other traits, organisms must accurately assess predation risk. Chemical cues caused by predation events are indicators of risk for prey in a wide variety of systems, but the relationship between how prey perceive risk in relation to the a...

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Autores principales:	Michael W McCoy, Justin C Touchon, Tobias Landberg, Karen M Warkentin, James R Vonesh
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6bb2efd752d546f7b92d5579e3f662c7
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:6bb2efd752d546f7b92d5579e3f662c7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6bb2efd752d546f7b92d5579e3f662c72021-11-18T08:11:41ZPrey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0047495https://doaj.org/article/6bb2efd752d546f7b92d5579e3f662c72012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23082171/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203To effectively balance investment in predator defenses versus other traits, organisms must accurately assess predation risk. Chemical cues caused by predation events are indicators of risk for prey in a wide variety of systems, but the relationship between how prey perceive risk in relation to the amount of prey consumed by predators is poorly understood. While per capita predation rate is often used as the metric of relative risk, studies aimed at quantifying predator-induced defenses commonly control biomass of prey consumed as the metric of risk. However, biomass consumed can change by altering either the number or size of prey consumed. In this study we determine whether phenotypic plasticity to predator chemical cues depends upon prey biomass consumed, prey number consumed, or both. We examine the growth response of red-eyed treefrog tadpoles (Agalychnis callidryas) to cues from a larval dragonfly (Anax amazili). Biomass consumed was manipulated by either increasing the number of prey while holding individual prey size constant, or by holding the number of prey constant and varying individual prey size. We address two questions. (i) Do prey reduce growth rate in response to chemical cues in a dose dependent manner? (ii) Does the magnitude of the response depend on whether prey consumption increases via number or size of prey? We find that the phenotypic response of prey is an asymptotic function of prey biomass consumed. However, the asymptotic response is higher when more prey are consumed. Our findings have important implications for evaluating past studies and how future experiments should be designed. A stronger response to predation cues generated by more individual prey deaths is consistent with models that predict prey sensitivity to per capita risk, providing a more direct link between empirical and theoretical studies which are often focused on changes in population sizes not individual biomass.Michael W McCoyJustin C TouchonTobias LandbergKaren M WarkentinJames R VoneshPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 10, p e47495 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Michael W McCoy Justin C Touchon Tobias Landberg Karen M Warkentin James R Vonesh Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
description	To effectively balance investment in predator defenses versus other traits, organisms must accurately assess predation risk. Chemical cues caused by predation events are indicators of risk for prey in a wide variety of systems, but the relationship between how prey perceive risk in relation to the amount of prey consumed by predators is poorly understood. While per capita predation rate is often used as the metric of relative risk, studies aimed at quantifying predator-induced defenses commonly control biomass of prey consumed as the metric of risk. However, biomass consumed can change by altering either the number or size of prey consumed. In this study we determine whether phenotypic plasticity to predator chemical cues depends upon prey biomass consumed, prey number consumed, or both. We examine the growth response of red-eyed treefrog tadpoles (Agalychnis callidryas) to cues from a larval dragonfly (Anax amazili). Biomass consumed was manipulated by either increasing the number of prey while holding individual prey size constant, or by holding the number of prey constant and varying individual prey size. We address two questions. (i) Do prey reduce growth rate in response to chemical cues in a dose dependent manner? (ii) Does the magnitude of the response depend on whether prey consumption increases via number or size of prey? We find that the phenotypic response of prey is an asymptotic function of prey biomass consumed. However, the asymptotic response is higher when more prey are consumed. Our findings have important implications for evaluating past studies and how future experiments should be designed. A stronger response to predation cues generated by more individual prey deaths is consistent with models that predict prey sensitivity to per capita risk, providing a more direct link between empirical and theoretical studies which are often focused on changes in population sizes not individual biomass.
format	article
author	Michael W McCoy Justin C Touchon Tobias Landberg Karen M Warkentin James R Vonesh
author_facet	Michael W McCoy Justin C Touchon Tobias Landberg Karen M Warkentin James R Vonesh
author_sort	Michael W McCoy
title	Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
title_short	Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
title_full	Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
title_fullStr	Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
title_full_unstemmed	Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
title_sort	prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/6bb2efd752d546f7b92d5579e3f662c7
work_keys_str_mv	AT michaelwmccoy preyresponsestopredatorchemicalcuesdisentanglingtheimportanceofthenumberandbiomassofpreyconsumed AT justinctouchon preyresponsestopredatorchemicalcuesdisentanglingtheimportanceofthenumberandbiomassofpreyconsumed AT tobiaslandberg preyresponsestopredatorchemicalcuesdisentanglingtheimportanceofthenumberandbiomassofpreyconsumed AT karenmwarkentin preyresponsestopredatorchemicalcuesdisentanglingtheimportanceofthenumberandbiomassofpreyconsumed AT jamesrvonesh preyresponsestopredatorchemicalcuesdisentanglingtheimportanceofthenumberandbiomassofpreyconsumed
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Prey responses to predator chemical cues: disentangling the importance of the number and biomass of prey consumed.

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