A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications

In the last two decades, the need for seawater pH control methodologies paralleled the rise in attention to the biological impacts of ocean acidification. Many effective and high-performing systems have been created, but they are often expensive, complex, and difficult to establish. We developed a s...

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Autores principales:	Keegan M. McLean, Alexis L. Pasulka, Emily E. Bockmon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Ocean acidification pH-stat CO2 gas bubbling Solenoid Control aquaria Climate change Science (General) Q1-390
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6bb51944142a470a969299013d19b7fa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6bb51944142a470a969299013d19b7fa2021-11-24T04:32:48ZA low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications2468-067210.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00247https://doaj.org/article/6bb51944142a470a969299013d19b7fa2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468067221000778https://doaj.org/toc/2468-0672In the last two decades, the need for seawater pH control methodologies paralleled the rise in attention to the biological impacts of ocean acidification. Many effective and high-performing systems have been created, but they are often expensive, complex, and difficult to establish. We developed a system that is similarly high performing, but at a low cost and with a simple and accessible design. This system is controlled by an Arduino Nano, an open-source electronics platform, which regulates the flow of CO2 gas through electric solenoid valves. The Arduino and other inexpensive materials total ∼$150 (plus CO2 gas and regulator), and a new treatment can be added for less than $35. Easy-to-learn code and simple wire-to-connect hardware make the design extremely accessible, requiring little time and expertise to establish. The system functions with a variety of pH probes and can be adapted to fit a variety of experimental designs and organisms. Using this set up, we were able to constrain seawater pH within a range of 0.07 pH units. Our system thus maintains the performance and adaptability of existing systems but expands their accessibility by reducing cost and complexity.Keegan M. McLeanAlexis L. PasulkaEmily E. BockmonElsevierarticleOcean acidificationpH-statCO2 gas bubblingSolenoidControl aquariaClimate changeScience (General)Q1-390ENHardwareX, Vol 10, Iss , Pp e00247- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Ocean acidification pH-stat CO2 gas bubbling Solenoid Control aquaria Climate change Science (General) Q1-390
spellingShingle	Ocean acidification pH-stat CO2 gas bubbling Solenoid Control aquaria Climate change Science (General) Q1-390 Keegan M. McLean Alexis L. Pasulka Emily E. Bockmon A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications
description	In the last two decades, the need for seawater pH control methodologies paralleled the rise in attention to the biological impacts of ocean acidification. Many effective and high-performing systems have been created, but they are often expensive, complex, and difficult to establish. We developed a system that is similarly high performing, but at a low cost and with a simple and accessible design. This system is controlled by an Arduino Nano, an open-source electronics platform, which regulates the flow of CO2 gas through electric solenoid valves. The Arduino and other inexpensive materials total ∼$150 (plus CO2 gas and regulator), and a new treatment can be added for less than $35. Easy-to-learn code and simple wire-to-connect hardware make the design extremely accessible, requiring little time and expertise to establish. The system functions with a variety of pH probes and can be adapted to fit a variety of experimental designs and organisms. Using this set up, we were able to constrain seawater pH within a range of 0.07 pH units. Our system thus maintains the performance and adaptability of existing systems but expands their accessibility by reducing cost and complexity.
format	article
author	Keegan M. McLean Alexis L. Pasulka Emily E. Bockmon
author_facet	Keegan M. McLean Alexis L. Pasulka Emily E. Bockmon
author_sort	Keegan M. McLean
title	A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications
title_short	A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications
title_full	A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications
title_fullStr	A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications
title_full_unstemmed	A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications
title_sort	low-cost, accessible, and high-performing arduino-based seawater ph control system for biological applications
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6bb51944142a470a969299013d19b7fa
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A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications

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