Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety

The present study estimated the human health risk assessment and daily intake of heavy metals and metalloids in herbal medicines used to treat anxiety in Brazil. Six different brands of herbal medicines were purchased in the city of Campo Grande/MS, Brazil: Pasalix®, Calman®, Serenus®, Maracugina®,...

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Autores principales:	Ana C. R. Geronimo, Elaine S. P. Melo, Kassia R. N. Silva, Hugo S. Pereira, Valdir A. Nascimento, David J. Machate, Valter A. do Nascimento
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	herbal medicines toxicity heavy metals anxiety metalloids Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6bb97bad37d346039793baf5bbd2180a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6bb97bad37d346039793baf5bbd2180a2021-11-10T07:33:55ZHuman Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety1663-981210.3389/fphar.2021.772928https://doaj.org/article/6bb97bad37d346039793baf5bbd2180a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.772928/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812The present study estimated the human health risk assessment and daily intake of heavy metals and metalloids in herbal medicines used to treat anxiety in Brazil. Six different brands of herbal medicines were purchased in the city of Campo Grande/MS, Brazil: Pasalix®, Calman®, Serenus®, Maracugina®, Prakalmar® and Calmasyn®. In total, eight elements including As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were analyzed using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). Only the concentration of As in the herbal medicine Prakalmar® is above the values established by United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USP) and Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (BF) for permitted concentration of elemental impurities in drugs substances. The concentration of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr and Cu in all herbal medicines are lower than the values set by USP and FB. The concentration of Pb in Calman® is lower than the limits established by BF, but higher than those established by USP. Pasalix, Serenus®, Calmasyn®, Prakalmar® and Marcacugina® have a higher Pb concentration than the values allowed by USP and BF. All herbal medications have concentrations within safe ranges for human consumption, with the exception of Calmasyn®, which has Pb over the value defined by USP for oral permissible daily exposure (PDE) for elemental impurities. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI) of metal (loid)s in adults and children obtained from the consumption of the herbal medicines are below the values stipulated by the minimal risk levels (MRLs). All the hazard index (HI) values recorded in this study were below 1. However, monitoring by regulatory agency is necessary, large doses of heavy metal may cause acute or chronic toxicities.Ana C. R. GeronimoElaine S. P. MeloKassia R. N. SilvaHugo S. PereiraValdir A. NascimentoDavid J. MachateDavid J. MachateValter A. do NascimentoFrontiers Media S.A.articleherbal medicinestoxicityheavy metalsanxietymetalloidsTherapeutics. PharmacologyRM1-950ENFrontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	herbal medicines toxicity heavy metals anxiety metalloids Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950
spellingShingle	herbal medicines toxicity heavy metals anxiety metalloids Therapeutics. Pharmacology RM1-950 Ana C. R. Geronimo Elaine S. P. Melo Kassia R. N. Silva Hugo S. Pereira Valdir A. Nascimento David J. Machate David J. Machate Valter A. do Nascimento Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety
description	The present study estimated the human health risk assessment and daily intake of heavy metals and metalloids in herbal medicines used to treat anxiety in Brazil. Six different brands of herbal medicines were purchased in the city of Campo Grande/MS, Brazil: Pasalix®, Calman®, Serenus®, Maracugina®, Prakalmar® and Calmasyn®. In total, eight elements including As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were analyzed using optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). Only the concentration of As in the herbal medicine Prakalmar® is above the values established by United States Pharmacopoeia Convention (USP) and Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (BF) for permitted concentration of elemental impurities in drugs substances. The concentration of Ba, Cd, Co, Cr and Cu in all herbal medicines are lower than the values set by USP and FB. The concentration of Pb in Calman® is lower than the limits established by BF, but higher than those established by USP. Pasalix, Serenus®, Calmasyn®, Prakalmar® and Marcacugina® have a higher Pb concentration than the values allowed by USP and BF. All herbal medications have concentrations within safe ranges for human consumption, with the exception of Calmasyn®, which has Pb over the value defined by USP for oral permissible daily exposure (PDE) for elemental impurities. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI) of metal (loid)s in adults and children obtained from the consumption of the herbal medicines are below the values stipulated by the minimal risk levels (MRLs). All the hazard index (HI) values recorded in this study were below 1. However, monitoring by regulatory agency is necessary, large doses of heavy metal may cause acute or chronic toxicities.
format	article
author	Ana C. R. Geronimo Elaine S. P. Melo Kassia R. N. Silva Hugo S. Pereira Valdir A. Nascimento David J. Machate David J. Machate Valter A. do Nascimento
author_facet	Ana C. R. Geronimo Elaine S. P. Melo Kassia R. N. Silva Hugo S. Pereira Valdir A. Nascimento David J. Machate David J. Machate Valter A. do Nascimento
author_sort	Ana C. R. Geronimo
title	Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety
title_short	Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety
title_full	Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety
title_fullStr	Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety
title_full_unstemmed	Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety
title_sort	human health risk assessment of heavy metals and metalloids in herbal medicines used to treat anxiety: monitoring of safety
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6bb97bad37d346039793baf5bbd2180a
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Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Herbal Medicines Used to Treat Anxiety: Monitoring of Safety

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