Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.

Non-genetic phenotypic variations play a critical role in the adaption to environmental changes in microbial organisms. Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, can switch between several morphological phenotypes. This ability is critical for its commensal lifestyle and for its ability to ca...

Descripción completa

Guardado en:

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales:	Li Tao, Han Du, Guobo Guan, Yu Dai, Clarissa J Nobile, Weihong Liang, Chengjun Cao, Qiuyu Zhang, Jin Zhong, Guanghua Huang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6bdf799b8f7642d6a526f0ec0cea4ec6
Etiquetas:	Agregar Etiqueta Sin Etiquetas, Sea el primero en etiquetar este registro!

id	oai:doaj.org-article:6bdf799b8f7642d6a526f0ec0cea4ec6
record_format	dspace
spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6bdf799b8f7642d6a526f0ec0cea4ec62021-11-18T05:37:30ZDiscovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.1544-91731545-788510.1371/journal.pbio.1001830https://doaj.org/article/6bdf799b8f7642d6a526f0ec0cea4ec62014-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24691005/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1544-9173https://doaj.org/toc/1545-7885Non-genetic phenotypic variations play a critical role in the adaption to environmental changes in microbial organisms. Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, can switch between several morphological phenotypes. This ability is critical for its commensal lifestyle and for its ability to cause infections. Here, we report the discovery of a novel morphological form in C. albicans, referred to as the "gray" phenotype, which forms a tristable phenotypic switching system with the previously reported white and opaque phenotypes. White, gray, and opaque cell types differ in a number of aspects including cellular and colony appearances, mating competency, secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap) activities, and virulence. Of the three cell types, gray cells exhibit the highest Sap activity and the highest ability to cause cutaneous infections. The three phenotypes form a tristable phenotypic switching system, which is independent of the regulation of the mating type locus (MTL). Gray cells mate over 1,000 times more efficiently than do white cells, but less efficiently than do opaque cells. We further demonstrate that the master regulator of white-opaque switching, Wor1, is essential for opaque cell formation, but is not required for white-gray transitions. The Efg1 regulator is required for maintenance of the white phenotype, but is not required for gray-opaque transitions. Interestingly, the wor1/wor1 efg1/efg1 double mutant is locked in the gray phenotype, suggesting that Wor1 and Efg1 could function coordinately and play a central role in the regulation of gray cell formation. Global transcriptional analysis indicates that white, gray, and opaque cells exhibit distinct gene expression profiles, which partly explain their differences in causing infections, adaptation ability to diverse host niches, metabolic profiles, and stress responses. Therefore, the white-gray-opaque tristable phenotypic switching system in C. albicans may play a significant role in a wide range of biological aspects in this common commensal and pathogenic fungus.Li TaoHan DuGuobo GuanYu DaiClarissa J NobileWeihong LiangChengjun CaoQiuyu ZhangJin ZhongGuanghua HuangPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleBiology (General)QH301-705.5ENPLoS Biology, Vol 12, Iss 4, p e1001830 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Biology (General) QH301-705.5
spellingShingle	Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Li Tao Han Du Guobo Guan Yu Dai Clarissa J Nobile Weihong Liang Chengjun Cao Qiuyu Zhang Jin Zhong Guanghua Huang Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
description	Non-genetic phenotypic variations play a critical role in the adaption to environmental changes in microbial organisms. Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, can switch between several morphological phenotypes. This ability is critical for its commensal lifestyle and for its ability to cause infections. Here, we report the discovery of a novel morphological form in C. albicans, referred to as the "gray" phenotype, which forms a tristable phenotypic switching system with the previously reported white and opaque phenotypes. White, gray, and opaque cell types differ in a number of aspects including cellular and colony appearances, mating competency, secreted aspartyl proteinase (Sap) activities, and virulence. Of the three cell types, gray cells exhibit the highest Sap activity and the highest ability to cause cutaneous infections. The three phenotypes form a tristable phenotypic switching system, which is independent of the regulation of the mating type locus (MTL). Gray cells mate over 1,000 times more efficiently than do white cells, but less efficiently than do opaque cells. We further demonstrate that the master regulator of white-opaque switching, Wor1, is essential for opaque cell formation, but is not required for white-gray transitions. The Efg1 regulator is required for maintenance of the white phenotype, but is not required for gray-opaque transitions. Interestingly, the wor1/wor1 efg1/efg1 double mutant is locked in the gray phenotype, suggesting that Wor1 and Efg1 could function coordinately and play a central role in the regulation of gray cell formation. Global transcriptional analysis indicates that white, gray, and opaque cells exhibit distinct gene expression profiles, which partly explain their differences in causing infections, adaptation ability to diverse host niches, metabolic profiles, and stress responses. Therefore, the white-gray-opaque tristable phenotypic switching system in C. albicans may play a significant role in a wide range of biological aspects in this common commensal and pathogenic fungus.
format	article
author	Li Tao Han Du Guobo Guan Yu Dai Clarissa J Nobile Weihong Liang Chengjun Cao Qiuyu Zhang Jin Zhong Guanghua Huang
author_facet	Li Tao Han Du Guobo Guan Yu Dai Clarissa J Nobile Weihong Liang Chengjun Cao Qiuyu Zhang Jin Zhong Guanghua Huang
author_sort	Li Tao
title	Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
title_short	Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
title_full	Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
title_fullStr	Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
title_full_unstemmed	Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
title_sort	discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/6bdf799b8f7642d6a526f0ec0cea4ec6
work_keys_str_mv	AT litao discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT handu discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT guoboguan discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT yudai discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT clarissajnobile discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT weihongliang discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT chengjuncao discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT qiuyuzhang discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT jinzhong discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation AT guanghuahuang discoveryofawhitegrayopaquetristablephenotypicswitchingsystemincandidaalbicansrolesofnongeneticdiversityinhostadaptation
_version_	1718424853559640064

Discovery of a "white-gray-opaque" tristable phenotypic switching system in candida albicans: roles of non-genetic diversity in host adaptation.

Ejemplares similares