Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents

Nanocrystalline nickel coatings deposited on a copper base material from DES made of choline chloride and ethylene glycol in 1:2 molar ratio containing 1 mol dm−3 NiCl2⋅6H2O were modified through post-deposition heat treatment at t...

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Autores principales:	Juliusz Winiarski, Anna Niciejewska, Włodzimierz Tylus, Katarzyna Winiarska, Karolina Pazgan, Bogdan Szczygieł
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electron microscopy microhardness X-ray analysis nanocrystalline materials nickel coatings grains and interfaces Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c3160f51e24441cae7c850236d08676
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c3160f51e24441cae7c850236d086762021-11-25T17:16:19ZEffect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents10.3390/coatings111113472079-6412https://doaj.org/article/6c3160f51e24441cae7c850236d086762021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/11/11/1347https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6412Nanocrystalline nickel coatings deposited on a copper base material from DES made of choline chloride and ethylene glycol in 1:2 molar ratio containing 1 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> NiCl<sub>2</sub>⋅6H<sub>2</sub>O were modified through post-deposition heat treatment at the temperatures from 100 to 400 °C. As-deposited coatings were composed of spheroidal agglomerates with the size of several hundred nanometers interspersed with lamellar crystals, but after annealing at 300 °C and 400 °C only single nano-sized plates embedded in a granular and porous layer remained. As the temperature of the heat treatment increased from 100 °C to 400 °C, the mean crystallite size increased from 13 to 35 nm. The change in crystallite size was accompanied by a change in microhardness, the maximum value of which was measured for the annealed coating at 200 °C. As a result of heat treatment, coatings were gradually covered by a layer of oxidized nickel species. XPS analyses showed that NiOOH and Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> dominated among them. Above 200 °C the share of these compounds began to decline in the face of the increasing share of NiO. This, in turn, clearly translated into a deterioration of the corrosion resistance of Ni coatings annealed at 300 °C, and especially at 400 °C, during exposure in 0.05 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> NaCl solution.Juliusz WiniarskiAnna NiciejewskaWłodzimierz TylusKatarzyna WiniarskaKarolina PazganBogdan SzczygiełMDPI AGarticleelectron microscopymicrohardnessX-ray analysisnanocrystalline materialsnickel coatingsgrains and interfacesEngineering (General). Civil engineering (General)TA1-2040ENCoatings, Vol 11, Iss 1347, p 1347 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electron microscopy microhardness X-ray analysis nanocrystalline materials nickel coatings grains and interfaces Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040
spellingShingle	electron microscopy microhardness X-ray analysis nanocrystalline materials nickel coatings grains and interfaces Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) TA1-2040 Juliusz Winiarski Anna Niciejewska Włodzimierz Tylus Katarzyna Winiarska Karolina Pazgan Bogdan Szczygieł Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents
description	Nanocrystalline nickel coatings deposited on a copper base material from DES made of choline chloride and ethylene glycol in 1:2 molar ratio containing 1 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> NiCl<sub>2</sub>⋅6H<sub>2</sub>O were modified through post-deposition heat treatment at the temperatures from 100 to 400 °C. As-deposited coatings were composed of spheroidal agglomerates with the size of several hundred nanometers interspersed with lamellar crystals, but after annealing at 300 °C and 400 °C only single nano-sized plates embedded in a granular and porous layer remained. As the temperature of the heat treatment increased from 100 °C to 400 °C, the mean crystallite size increased from 13 to 35 nm. The change in crystallite size was accompanied by a change in microhardness, the maximum value of which was measured for the annealed coating at 200 °C. As a result of heat treatment, coatings were gradually covered by a layer of oxidized nickel species. XPS analyses showed that NiOOH and Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> dominated among them. Above 200 °C the share of these compounds began to decline in the face of the increasing share of NiO. This, in turn, clearly translated into a deterioration of the corrosion resistance of Ni coatings annealed at 300 °C, and especially at 400 °C, during exposure in 0.05 mol dm<sup>−3</sup> NaCl solution.
format	article
author	Juliusz Winiarski Anna Niciejewska Włodzimierz Tylus Katarzyna Winiarska Karolina Pazgan Bogdan Szczygieł
author_facet	Juliusz Winiarski Anna Niciejewska Włodzimierz Tylus Katarzyna Winiarska Karolina Pazgan Bogdan Szczygieł
author_sort	Juliusz Winiarski
title	Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents
title_short	Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents
title_full	Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents
title_fullStr	Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents
title_sort	effect of annealing on surface morphology and structure of nickel coatings deposited from deep eutectic solvents
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c3160f51e24441cae7c850236d08676
work_keys_str_mv	AT juliuszwiniarski effectofannealingonsurfacemorphologyandstructureofnickelcoatingsdepositedfromdeepeutecticsolvents AT annaniciejewska effectofannealingonsurfacemorphologyandstructureofnickelcoatingsdepositedfromdeepeutecticsolvents AT włodzimierztylus effectofannealingonsurfacemorphologyandstructureofnickelcoatingsdepositedfromdeepeutecticsolvents AT katarzynawiniarska effectofannealingonsurfacemorphologyandstructureofnickelcoatingsdepositedfromdeepeutecticsolvents AT karolinapazgan effectofannealingonsurfacemorphologyandstructureofnickelcoatingsdepositedfromdeepeutecticsolvents AT bogdanszczygieł effectofannealingonsurfacemorphologyandstructureofnickelcoatingsdepositedfromdeepeutecticsolvents
_version_	1718412535351214080

Effect of Annealing on Surface Morphology and Structure of Nickel Coatings Deposited from Deep Eutectic Solvents

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