Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometer...

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Autores principales:	Gonzalo A. Álvarez, Noam Shemesh, Lucio Frydman
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c3d1e92cb794e45a5cc932852cb41e0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c3d1e92cb794e45a5cc932852cb41e02021-12-02T16:07:59ZInternal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance10.1038/s41598-017-03277-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6c3d1e92cb794e45a5cc932852cb41e02017-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03277-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometers, but other sources of information like those delivered by constrained diffusion processes, enable one extract morphological information down to micron and sub-micron scales. We report here on a new method that also exploits diffusion – isotropic or anisotropic– to sense morphological parameters in the nm-mm range, based on distributions of susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients. A theoretical framework is developed to define this source of information, leading to the proposition of internal gradient-distribution tensors. Gradient-based spin-echo sequences are designed to measure these new observables. These methods can be used to map orientations even when dealing with unconstrained diffusion, as is here demonstrated with studies of structured systems, including tissues.Gonzalo A. ÁlvarezNoam ShemeshLucio FrydmanNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Gonzalo A. Álvarez Noam Shemesh Lucio Frydman Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
description	Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometers, but other sources of information like those delivered by constrained diffusion processes, enable one extract morphological information down to micron and sub-micron scales. We report here on a new method that also exploits diffusion – isotropic or anisotropic– to sense morphological parameters in the nm-mm range, based on distributions of susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients. A theoretical framework is developed to define this source of information, leading to the proposition of internal gradient-distribution tensors. Gradient-based spin-echo sequences are designed to measure these new observables. These methods can be used to map orientations even when dealing with unconstrained diffusion, as is here demonstrated with studies of structured systems, including tissues.
format	article
author	Gonzalo A. Álvarez Noam Shemesh Lucio Frydman
author_facet	Gonzalo A. Álvarez Noam Shemesh Lucio Frydman
author_sort	Gonzalo A. Álvarez
title	Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
title_short	Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
title_full	Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
title_fullStr	Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
title_full_unstemmed	Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
title_sort	internal gradient distributions: a susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c3d1e92cb794e45a5cc932852cb41e0
work_keys_str_mv	AT gonzaloaalvarez internalgradientdistributionsasusceptibilityderivedtensordeliveringmorphologiesbymagneticresonance AT noamshemesh internalgradientdistributionsasusceptibilityderivedtensordeliveringmorphologiesbymagneticresonance AT luciofrydman internalgradientdistributionsasusceptibilityderivedtensordeliveringmorphologiesbymagneticresonance
_version_	1718384662473080832

Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance

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