The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.

Genetic tools have greatly aided in tracing the sources and colonization history of introduced species. However, recurrent introductions and repeated shuffling of populations may have blurred some of the genetic signals left by ancient introductions. Styela plicata is a solitary ascidian distributed...

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Autores principales:	Mari Carmen Pineda, Susanna López-Legentil, Xavier Turon
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2011
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c4db4d0c09d40caa73ef788956fe237
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c4db4d0c09d40caa73ef788956fe2372021-11-04T06:07:51ZThe whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0025495https://doaj.org/article/6c4db4d0c09d40caa73ef788956fe2372011-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/21966535/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Genetic tools have greatly aided in tracing the sources and colonization history of introduced species. However, recurrent introductions and repeated shuffling of populations may have blurred some of the genetic signals left by ancient introductions. Styela plicata is a solitary ascidian distributed worldwide. Although its origin remains unclear, this species is believed to have spread worldwide by travelling on ship's hulls. The goals of this study were to infer the genetic structure and global phylogeography of S. plicata and to look for present-day and historical genetic patterns. Two genetic markers were used: a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and a fragment of the nuclear gene Adenine Nucleotide Transporter/ADP-ATP Translocase (ANT). A total of 368 individuals for COI and 315 for ANT were sequenced from 17 locations worldwide. The levels of gene diversity were moderate for COI to high for ANT. The Mediterranean populations showed the least diversity and allelic richness for both markers, while the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans had the highest gene and nucleotide diversities. Network and phylogenetic analyses with COI and ANT revealed two groups of alleles separated by 15 and 4 mutational steps, respectively. The existence of different lineages suggested an ancient population split. However, the geographic distributions of these groups did not show any consistent pattern, indicating different phylogeographic histories for each gene. Genetic divergence was significant for many population-pairs irrespective of the geographic distance among them. Stochastic introduction events are reflected in the uneven distribution of COI and ANT allele frequencies and groups among many populations. Our results confirmed that S. plicata has been present in all studied oceans for a long time, and that recurrent colonization events and occasional shuffling among populations have determined the actual genetic structure of this species.Mari Carmen PinedaSusanna López-LegentilXavier TuronPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 6, Iss 9, p e25495 (2011)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Mari Carmen Pineda Susanna López-Legentil Xavier Turon The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.
description	Genetic tools have greatly aided in tracing the sources and colonization history of introduced species. However, recurrent introductions and repeated shuffling of populations may have blurred some of the genetic signals left by ancient introductions. Styela plicata is a solitary ascidian distributed worldwide. Although its origin remains unclear, this species is believed to have spread worldwide by travelling on ship's hulls. The goals of this study were to infer the genetic structure and global phylogeography of S. plicata and to look for present-day and historical genetic patterns. Two genetic markers were used: a fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and a fragment of the nuclear gene Adenine Nucleotide Transporter/ADP-ATP Translocase (ANT). A total of 368 individuals for COI and 315 for ANT were sequenced from 17 locations worldwide. The levels of gene diversity were moderate for COI to high for ANT. The Mediterranean populations showed the least diversity and allelic richness for both markers, while the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans had the highest gene and nucleotide diversities. Network and phylogenetic analyses with COI and ANT revealed two groups of alleles separated by 15 and 4 mutational steps, respectively. The existence of different lineages suggested an ancient population split. However, the geographic distributions of these groups did not show any consistent pattern, indicating different phylogeographic histories for each gene. Genetic divergence was significant for many population-pairs irrespective of the geographic distance among them. Stochastic introduction events are reflected in the uneven distribution of COI and ANT allele frequencies and groups among many populations. Our results confirmed that S. plicata has been present in all studied oceans for a long time, and that recurrent colonization events and occasional shuffling among populations have determined the actual genetic structure of this species.
format	article
author	Mari Carmen Pineda Susanna López-Legentil Xavier Turon
author_facet	Mari Carmen Pineda Susanna López-Legentil Xavier Turon
author_sort	Mari Carmen Pineda
title	The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.
title_short	The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.
title_full	The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.
title_fullStr	The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.
title_full_unstemmed	The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.
title_sort	whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian styela plicata.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2011
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c4db4d0c09d40caa73ef788956fe237
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The whereabouts of an ancient wanderer: global phylogeography of the solitary ascidian Styela plicata.

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