Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market

This study aimed at investigating the pattern of confiscated illegal drugs in the Tanzania mainland drug market from 2011 to 2016. The samples used in this study were seized by the police force and other law enforcement agents and were analysed at the Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, GCLA. A...

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Autores principales:	John J. Makangara, Elias Z. Mulima
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Cannabis sativa Heroin Cocaine Catha edulis Benzodiazepine Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c56229a6c7e4a64acc830616a13db3e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c56229a6c7e4a64acc830616a13db3e2021-11-22T04:29:12ZTrends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market2589-871X10.1016/j.fsisyn.2021.100209https://doaj.org/article/6c56229a6c7e4a64acc830616a13db3e2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589871X21000796https://doaj.org/toc/2589-871XThis study aimed at investigating the pattern of confiscated illegal drugs in the Tanzania mainland drug market from 2011 to 2016. The samples used in this study were seized by the police force and other law enforcement agents and were analysed at the Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, GCLA. A total of 90,366 samples weighing 17961.5 Kg were seized and analysed during the six years, an average of 15,061 samples corresponding to 2993.6 Kg per year. The overall results indicated cannabis to be the leading drug in terms of number of cases, number of samples and weights with 51.02%, 60.50% and 56.90%, respectively, but from 2011 to 2015 heroin had the highest percentage of both number of cases and samples by 58.46% and 55.91% of all seizures, respectively followed by cannabis. In terms of weight, heroin accounted for 67.55% and 26.32% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, whereas, the rest of the years’ percentage weights were between 0.50 and 6.00% of the total seizures. The trend indicated a steady decrease in heroin seizures over the six years and an increased cannabis seizure. In 2016 cannabis was 78.28% and 80.89% of the total number of cases and samples, respectively. The results also indicated the decrease of cocaine cases and a significant increase in the amount khat. The year 2016 recorded the highest number of cases and number of samples with a total of 1212 and 48,440, respectively, which resulted from the increase in cannabis seizures by 72.28% and 80.89% of the total number of cases and samples, respectively, as compared to 2015. The second and third highest years were 2013 and 2014, respectively. The least was 2011 with 3493 samples. The trend also indicated heroin seizures were highest in 2011 (62.04%), 2014 (75.31%) and 2015 (79.26%) whereas cocaine seizures kept on decreasing gradually from 31.12% in 2011 to 0.05% in 2016. Khat (Catha edulis) had the highest weight in 2014 and 2016 and ranked second after cannabis with 43.63% of the total weight during 2011–2016 period. Benzodiazepines and amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) accounted the least in terms of number of cases and number of samples.John J. MakangaraElias Z. MulimaElsevierarticleCannabis sativaHeroinCocaineCatha edulisBenzodiazepineAmphetamine type stimulants (ATS)Criminal law and procedureK5000-5582ENForensic Science International: Synergy, Vol 3, Iss , Pp 100209- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Cannabis sativa Heroin Cocaine Catha edulis Benzodiazepine Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582
spellingShingle	Cannabis sativa Heroin Cocaine Catha edulis Benzodiazepine Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) Criminal law and procedure K5000-5582 John J. Makangara Elias Z. Mulima Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market
description	This study aimed at investigating the pattern of confiscated illegal drugs in the Tanzania mainland drug market from 2011 to 2016. The samples used in this study were seized by the police force and other law enforcement agents and were analysed at the Government Chemist Laboratory Authority, GCLA. A total of 90,366 samples weighing 17961.5 Kg were seized and analysed during the six years, an average of 15,061 samples corresponding to 2993.6 Kg per year. The overall results indicated cannabis to be the leading drug in terms of number of cases, number of samples and weights with 51.02%, 60.50% and 56.90%, respectively, but from 2011 to 2015 heroin had the highest percentage of both number of cases and samples by 58.46% and 55.91% of all seizures, respectively followed by cannabis. In terms of weight, heroin accounted for 67.55% and 26.32% in 2011 and 2012, respectively, whereas, the rest of the years’ percentage weights were between 0.50 and 6.00% of the total seizures. The trend indicated a steady decrease in heroin seizures over the six years and an increased cannabis seizure. In 2016 cannabis was 78.28% and 80.89% of the total number of cases and samples, respectively. The results also indicated the decrease of cocaine cases and a significant increase in the amount khat. The year 2016 recorded the highest number of cases and number of samples with a total of 1212 and 48,440, respectively, which resulted from the increase in cannabis seizures by 72.28% and 80.89% of the total number of cases and samples, respectively, as compared to 2015. The second and third highest years were 2013 and 2014, respectively. The least was 2011 with 3493 samples. The trend also indicated heroin seizures were highest in 2011 (62.04%), 2014 (75.31%) and 2015 (79.26%) whereas cocaine seizures kept on decreasing gradually from 31.12% in 2011 to 0.05% in 2016. Khat (Catha edulis) had the highest weight in 2014 and 2016 and ranked second after cannabis with 43.63% of the total weight during 2011–2016 period. Benzodiazepines and amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) accounted the least in terms of number of cases and number of samples.
format	article
author	John J. Makangara Elias Z. Mulima
author_facet	John J. Makangara Elias Z. Mulima
author_sort	John J. Makangara
title	Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market
title_short	Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market
title_full	Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market
title_fullStr	Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market
title_full_unstemmed	Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market
title_sort	trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the tanzania mainland drugs market
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c56229a6c7e4a64acc830616a13db3e
work_keys_str_mv	AT johnjmakangara trendsinillicitdrugsbasedontheanalysisofseizuresfromthetanzaniamainlanddrugsmarket AT eliaszmulima trendsinillicitdrugsbasedontheanalysisofseizuresfromthetanzaniamainlanddrugsmarket
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Trends in illicit drugs based on the analysis of seizures from the Tanzania mainland drugs market

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