A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.

Vicarious trial-and-error (VTE) is a behavior observed in rat experiments that seems to suggest self-conflict. This behavior is seen mainly when the rats are uncertain about making a decision. The presence of VTE is regarded as an indicator of a deliberative decision-making process, that is, searchi...

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Autores principales:	Eiko Matsuda, Julien Hubert, Takashi Ikegami
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c620889df6146eda40b22a3cb00390c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c620889df6146eda40b22a3cb00390c2021-11-25T06:07:42ZA robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0102708https://doaj.org/article/6c620889df6146eda40b22a3cb00390c2014-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/25050548/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Vicarious trial-and-error (VTE) is a behavior observed in rat experiments that seems to suggest self-conflict. This behavior is seen mainly when the rats are uncertain about making a decision. The presence of VTE is regarded as an indicator of a deliberative decision-making process, that is, searching, predicting, and evaluating outcomes. This process is slower than automated decision-making processes, such as reflex or habituation, but it allows for flexible and ongoing control of behavior. In this study, we propose for the first time a robotic model of VTE to see if VTE can emerge just from a body-environment interaction and to show the underlying mechanism responsible for the observation of VTE and the advantages provided by it. We tried several robots with different parameters, and we have found that they showed three different types of VTE: high numbers of VTE at the beginning of learning, decreasing numbers afterward (similar VTE pattern to experiments with rats), low during the whole learning period, and high numbers all the time. Therefore, we were able to reproduce the phenomenon of VTE in a model robot using only a simple dynamical neural network with Hebbian learning, which suggests that VTE is an emergent property of a plastic and embodied neural network. From a comparison of the three types of VTE, we demonstrated that 1) VTE is associated with chaotic activity of neurons in our model and 2) VTE-showing robots were robust to environmental perturbations. We suggest that the instability of neuronal activity found in VTE allows ongoing learning to rebuild its strategy continuously, which creates robust behavior. Based on these results, we suggest that VTE is caused by a similar mechanism in biology and leads to robust decision making in an analogous way.Eiko MatsudaJulien HubertTakashi IkegamiPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e102708 (2014)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Eiko Matsuda Julien Hubert Takashi Ikegami A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.
description	Vicarious trial-and-error (VTE) is a behavior observed in rat experiments that seems to suggest self-conflict. This behavior is seen mainly when the rats are uncertain about making a decision. The presence of VTE is regarded as an indicator of a deliberative decision-making process, that is, searching, predicting, and evaluating outcomes. This process is slower than automated decision-making processes, such as reflex or habituation, but it allows for flexible and ongoing control of behavior. In this study, we propose for the first time a robotic model of VTE to see if VTE can emerge just from a body-environment interaction and to show the underlying mechanism responsible for the observation of VTE and the advantages provided by it. We tried several robots with different parameters, and we have found that they showed three different types of VTE: high numbers of VTE at the beginning of learning, decreasing numbers afterward (similar VTE pattern to experiments with rats), low during the whole learning period, and high numbers all the time. Therefore, we were able to reproduce the phenomenon of VTE in a model robot using only a simple dynamical neural network with Hebbian learning, which suggests that VTE is an emergent property of a plastic and embodied neural network. From a comparison of the three types of VTE, we demonstrated that 1) VTE is associated with chaotic activity of neurons in our model and 2) VTE-showing robots were robust to environmental perturbations. We suggest that the instability of neuronal activity found in VTE allows ongoing learning to rebuild its strategy continuously, which creates robust behavior. Based on these results, we suggest that VTE is caused by a similar mechanism in biology and leads to robust decision making in an analogous way.
format	article
author	Eiko Matsuda Julien Hubert Takashi Ikegami
author_facet	Eiko Matsuda Julien Hubert Takashi Ikegami
author_sort	Eiko Matsuda
title	A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.
title_short	A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.
title_full	A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.
title_fullStr	A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.
title_full_unstemmed	A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.
title_sort	robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a t-maze task.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2014
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c620889df6146eda40b22a3cb00390c
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A robotic approach to understanding the role and the mechanism of vicarious trial-and-error in a T-maze task.

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