Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles

Abstract Apex predators are threatened globally, and their local extinctions are often driven by failures in sustaining prey acquisition under contexts of severe prey scarcity. The harpy eagle Harpia harpyja is Earth’s largest eagle and the apex aerial predator of Amazonian forests, but no previous...

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Autores principales:	Everton B. P. Miranda, Carlos A. Peres, Vítor Carvalho-Rocha, Bruna V. Miguel, Nickolas Lormand, Niki Huizinga, Charles A. Munn, Thiago B. F. Semedo, Tiago V. Ferreira, João B. Pinho, Vítor Q. Piacentini, Miguel Â. Marini, Colleen T. Downs
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/6c6ce96b26cf4b95b4a79978838d9957
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:6c6ce96b26cf4b95b4a79978838d99572021-12-02T16:10:36ZTropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles10.1038/s41598-021-92372-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/6c6ce96b26cf4b95b4a79978838d99572021-06-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92372-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Apex predators are threatened globally, and their local extinctions are often driven by failures in sustaining prey acquisition under contexts of severe prey scarcity. The harpy eagle Harpia harpyja is Earth’s largest eagle and the apex aerial predator of Amazonian forests, but no previous study has examined the impact of forest loss on their feeding ecology. We monitored 16 active harpy eagle nests embedded within landscapes that had experienced 0 to 85% of forest loss, and identified 306 captured prey items. Harpy eagles could not switch to open-habitat prey in deforested habitats, and retained a diet based on canopy vertebrates even in deforested landscapes. Feeding rates decreased with forest loss, with three fledged individuals dying of starvation in landscapes that succumbed to 50–70% deforestation. Because landscapes deforested by > 70% supported no nests, and eaglets could not be provisioned to independence within landscapes > 50% forest loss, we established a 50% forest cover threshold for the reproductive viability of harpy eagle pairs. Our scaling-up estimate indicates that 35% of the entire 428,800-km2 Amazonian ‘Arc of Deforestation’ study region cannot support breeding harpy eagle populations. Our results suggest that restoring harpy eagle population viability within highly fragmented forest landscapes critically depends on decisive forest conservation action.Everton B. P. MirandaCarlos A. PeresVítor Carvalho-RochaBruna V. MiguelNickolas LormandNiki HuizingaCharles A. MunnThiago B. F. SemedoTiago V. FerreiraJoão B. PinhoVítor Q. PiacentiniMiguel Â. MariniColleen T. DownsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Everton B. P. Miranda Carlos A. Peres Vítor Carvalho-Rocha Bruna V. Miguel Nickolas Lormand Niki Huizinga Charles A. Munn Thiago B. F. Semedo Tiago V. Ferreira João B. Pinho Vítor Q. Piacentini Miguel Â. Marini Colleen T. Downs Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles
description	Abstract Apex predators are threatened globally, and their local extinctions are often driven by failures in sustaining prey acquisition under contexts of severe prey scarcity. The harpy eagle Harpia harpyja is Earth’s largest eagle and the apex aerial predator of Amazonian forests, but no previous study has examined the impact of forest loss on their feeding ecology. We monitored 16 active harpy eagle nests embedded within landscapes that had experienced 0 to 85% of forest loss, and identified 306 captured prey items. Harpy eagles could not switch to open-habitat prey in deforested habitats, and retained a diet based on canopy vertebrates even in deforested landscapes. Feeding rates decreased with forest loss, with three fledged individuals dying of starvation in landscapes that succumbed to 50–70% deforestation. Because landscapes deforested by > 70% supported no nests, and eaglets could not be provisioned to independence within landscapes > 50% forest loss, we established a 50% forest cover threshold for the reproductive viability of harpy eagle pairs. Our scaling-up estimate indicates that 35% of the entire 428,800-km2 Amazonian ‘Arc of Deforestation’ study region cannot support breeding harpy eagle populations. Our results suggest that restoring harpy eagle population viability within highly fragmented forest landscapes critically depends on decisive forest conservation action.
format	article
author	Everton B. P. Miranda Carlos A. Peres Vítor Carvalho-Rocha Bruna V. Miguel Nickolas Lormand Niki Huizinga Charles A. Munn Thiago B. F. Semedo Tiago V. Ferreira João B. Pinho Vítor Q. Piacentini Miguel Â. Marini Colleen T. Downs
author_facet	Everton B. P. Miranda Carlos A. Peres Vítor Carvalho-Rocha Bruna V. Miguel Nickolas Lormand Niki Huizinga Charles A. Munn Thiago B. F. Semedo Tiago V. Ferreira João B. Pinho Vítor Q. Piacentini Miguel Â. Marini Colleen T. Downs
author_sort	Everton B. P. Miranda
title	Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles
title_short	Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles
title_full	Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles
title_fullStr	Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles
title_full_unstemmed	Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles
title_sort	tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in earth’s largest eagles
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/6c6ce96b26cf4b95b4a79978838d9957
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Tropical deforestation induces thresholds of reproductive viability and habitat suitability in Earth’s largest eagles

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